Please enable JavaScript.

Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.

Civil War, Hybridity as intersection of formality and informality,…

- - - - Symbols that create identity and conformity
        (Flags, motifs etc)
      - promoting identification of civilians with rebels through their governance boosts legitimacy, fosters civilian collaboration, and reduces the necessity to resort to coercion
      - Communication and diplomatic contact in neutral countries and media houses, setting up "embassies"
      - Civilian Resistance
        
        Civilians have partial resistance
        as they do even for the state
        
        Full resistance happens when rebel leader tries to supplant or change local institutions held in high regard by people
      - rebels, like states, cannot rule civilians without support from important social forces. But acquiring that support gives leverage to civilian social actors to deepen as well as change the direction of rebel governance
    - - Why RG? By creating systems of governance, rebels seek to win over local populations – or at least dissuade them from actively collaborating with incumbents
      - While rebels, by definition, break the laws of the state, they differ from criminal bandits who violate rules solely for profit or revenge
      - Civilians caught within warzones face periods of brutal violence punctuated by prolonged moments of tense calm. Rebels can play a central role in development of structures and practices of rule.
    - - Conceptualized broadly as the set of actions insurgents engage in to regulate the social, political, and economic life of non-combatants during war, the study of rebel governance opens multiple underexplored avenues in the rebel–civilian relationship
      - Have rebels secured populated area with violence?
      - Have rebels started engaging with the local popln if they believe governacne will support heir efforts
      - Services: Citizen involvement in political decision making, income regeneration and administrative structure for public goods.
      - What were the pre-war doctrines of the rebel group? Are they integrating civil values and ideas in their way of operating?
      - What is the realtionship between civilians and armed groups
    - - State presence is weak
      - Whether existing political parties
        will support or hamper efforts
      - Civilians are alienated, or excluded by the sate (serious disenchantment)
    - - Kalyvas argues that differences in political identity – that is, in reliance on doctrine (Communist in Greece) as opposed to dependence on values (Conservative army leaders using social realtions with elites) – cause variation in rebels’ choice of governance arrangements for civilians.
      - The logic of doctrinal distinction also led rebel leaders of the two groups to carry out administrative tasks differently. In the Naxalite case, the rebels believed everyone living in their territory was entitled to protection, even if some of them violated Marxist doctrine – for example, by belonging to a wealthy social class. In contrast, Naga insurgents took an exclusionary view, feeling that only the Naga deserved protection.
      - Moral economy: Hoffmann found that rebel leaders adopted beliefs they shared with civilians to legitimize their claims to rule. Such beliefs emerged from incongruous sources, principles rooted in religiona nd nationhood.
- - - - non-salient regional identity groups.
      - economic networks sustained through the support of neighboring countries (as activities of conflict actors expand to neighboring states)
        
        geographic expansion
        
        Neighbouring govt opposes
        rebel group's use of territory for
        passage of fudnign activties - RC, contraband etc
        
        Neighboring country provides money and ammo
        
        Escalation
        
        Coutnry of origin offended
        by trade b/w rebel and neighbouring actors
        
        Conflict country supports rebels
        to weaken adjacent state
      - militarized refugees
        
        Appropriate aid
        
        Become part of refugees,
        then become refugee warrior
      - an intervention on the part of the government;
- - - - Geographic expansion
        to a new territory
      - Escalation with new
        actors involved
    - - Leads to Security issues
        
        parallel shadow and war economies (Duffield, 2002).
      - Another govt with better ties with rebels supports them