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CONQUEST AMERICA - Coggle Diagram
CONQUEST AMERICA
COLONIAL ECONOMY
economic objective of conquest
obtain
silver as spoils of war
gold
number of invasions decreased
so did the available gold and silver
as a result
new methods were developed to exploit American riches
"Ecomiendas" created in farming areas
Lands shared between several colonists
each was in charge of a group of indigenous inhabitants who had to work the land
in exchange of
protection
food
Inca system of forced labour
called
Mita
used in mines
in areas near mines
certain number of locals
required to become miners
silver mines in... were very important for Hispanic Monarchy
Zacatecas (Mexico)
Potosi (Bolivia)
precious metals mined there to help fund its foreign policy
COLONIAL GOVERMENT
conquered American territories became part of
Crown of Castilla
as part of colonisation proccess
following govenrment institutions were established
Audiencias
highest judicial institutions
first established in
Santo Domingo (1511)
another 11 founded between
16th-17th centuries
Viceroyalties
established following
conquest of the pre-Columbian empires
large territories governed by
viceroy in charge of
military matter
judicial matters
administrative matter
16th century
created
Viceroyalties of New Spain (1535)
Peru (1543)
Council of the Indies (1511)
was the supreme governing body of Spani's colonies in America
all laws governing America were drawn up here
colonial officials were appointed
Cabildos
were
city councils
first established in Canary Islands
because
royal court was long way away
jurisdiction over
administrative matters
economic matters
judicial matters
Casa de Contratacion
created to control
trade
exploration
colonisation of new lands
established in Sevilla
Colonial Administration at the End of the 16th century and Economic Activities
Flota de Indias
was a system used by
Hispanic monarchy to organise trade monopoly with its colonies
Once a year
2 convoys of goods and slaves
arrived in America from Sevilla
they sailed to
port of Veracruz
where they collected goods transported from all over
Philippines
America
these taken back to Sevilla by
fleet of merchants ships protected by war galleons
COLOSINATION: CONSEQUENCES
Population Crisis and Social Unrest
after conquest
was a major population crisis in America
Estimated that in some regions
ex. Caribbean
more than 3/4 of population died
because of
diseases transmitted by Europeans
Colonists' abuse of
natives
their harsh treatment of the natives criticised by
misionaries
ex. Dominican friars
Antonio de Montesinos (1475–1540)
Bartolomé de las Casas (1474–1566)
wrote a book called
A Short Account of the Destruction of the Indies
in the book
he condemned
2 more items...
as a result of protests
crown introduced
Laws of Burgos (1512)
New Laws (1542)
abolishing encomiendan system
laws not fully introduced because of
opposition by powerful colonists
forced labour systems
ex. mita
were maintaned
eslavment of colonits' prohibited
colonists not have workforce they needed
they began
to import slaves from Africa
had children together
Native colonists
African colonists
European colonists
their offspring called mestizos
society always controlled by
criollos
The Impact On Trade
as a result of discovery of America and Portuguese route to Asia
medieval Mediterranean trade centres
replaced by
Atlantic ports
ex.
Sevilla
London
Lisbon
a lot of precious metal arrived from America
as species from Asia
trade became more important for European economy
agriculture and livestock farming continued to be
most important sectors
products also exchanged
introduced to America from Europe
coffe
olives
Wheat
grapevines
sugar cane
introduced to Europe to America
Corn
potatoes
cocoa beans
tomatoes
Cultural Repercussions and Scientific Advances
arrival of europeans with... led to the disappearance of indigenous cultures
with
religion
customs
lenguage
political structure
important advances in
cartography
navigation techniques
geography
ex. development of new ships
ex. galleons
faster and had larger capacity than
carracks
caravels