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Early Childhood Development - Coggle Diagram
Early Childhood Development
Biosocial Development:
Physical Growth:
Motor Skills:
Gross Motor (walking, running, jumping)
Fine Motor (drawing, cutting, buttoning)
Health and Nutrition:
Importance of balanced diet
Growth patterns
Sleep Patterns:
Importance of adequate sleep for development
Brain Development:
Rapid growth of the brain
Myelination of neurons
Synaptic pruning and brain plasticity
Gender and Physical Development:
Understanding gender differences in physical development
Influence of hormones
Cognitive Development:
Piaget’s Stages of Cognitive Development:
Preoperational Stage (2-7 years)
Symbolic play, egocentrism, conservation issue
Vygotsky’s Sociocultural Theory:
Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD)
Scaffolding and cultural tools
Memory and Attention:
Short-term memory development
Attention span increases
Language Development:
Vocabulary growth, Grammar and sentence structure development, and Emergence of storytelling
Theory of Mind:
Understanding others’ thoughts and emotions and Development of empathy
Psychosocial Development:
Erikson’s Psychosocial Stages
Initiative vs. Guilt (3-6 years)
Children begin to assert control and initiative over their environment
Development of self-esteem and independence
Attachment Theory (Bowlby, Ainsworth)
Secure and insecure attachments
Role of primary caregivers in emotional development
Social Skills and Peer Relationships
Beginning of friendships
Play and social interactions (parallel play, associative play, cooperative play)
Importance of socialization in peer groups
Emotional Development
Emotion regulation (self-control, expression)
Development of empathy and understanding of others’ emotions
Moral Development (Kohlberg)
Preconventional morality
Understanding right and wrong
Biosocial Theories:
Dynamic Systems Theory (Thelen & Smith):
Emphasizes the interaction between physical development and environment in shaping motor skills.
Cognitive Theories:
Piaget's Cognitive Developmental Theory:
Focuses on how children actively construct their understanding of the world.
Vygotsky’s Sociocultural Theory:
Focuses on social interaction and culture’s role in cognitive development.
Psychosocial Theories:
Erikson’s Psychosocial Development Theory:
Focuses on psychosocial conflicts and their resolution across different stages.
Attachment Theory (Bowlby, Ainsworth):
Focus on how early relationships with caregivers shape future social and emotional development.