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Major World Religions, Relativo, Samantha - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Apostle Peter
      - Apostle Paul
        
        Told people about jesus throughout the entire Roman Empire
      - Mary Magdalene
      - John the Apostle
      - James the Just
      - Constantine the Great
    - - 1ST CENTURY (JUDEA)
        
        Founded on the teachings of Jesus, his death and resurrection.
      - 4TH CENTURY
        
        Officially legalized by Emperor Constantine and became the Roman Empire’s official religion.
      - 1054 (GREAT SCHISM)
        
        Division into Roman Catholicsm and Eastern Orthodoxy.
      - 1517 (PROTESTANT REFORMATION)
        
        Because of Martin Luther’s theses and the challenging of the church, it led to the emergence of Protestantism.
      - GLOBAL SPREAD
        
        Grew during the European colonization; currently has over 2 billion adherents.
    - - Cross (Symbol of Christ’s triumph)
      - Holy Water (For cleansing, baptism, and protection)
      - Bible (Collection of scriptures)
        
        A guide for everyday life
      - Rosary (For prayer and meditation)
      - Churches and Cathedrals (Place of Worship)
        
        Important Personnel: Priests
    - - Eight Beatitudes
        
        Teachings on humility, mercy, and righteousness.
      - Apostles’ Creed
        
        Summary of fundational christian beliefs.
      - The Seven Sacraments
        
        Baptism, Confirmation, Holy Communion, Confession, Matrimony, Holy Orders, Anointing of the sick
        
        Baptism - a personal commitment to have faith with Christ.
        
        Forgiveness - means to be at peace with someone.
      - Story of Creation
        
        Genesis narrative of God creating the universe in six days and resting on the seventh.
      - The Ten Commandments
        
        Ethical and worship principles given by God to Moses.
    - - Religious Pluralism
      - Involvement in politics
      - Secularization
      - Social Issues
        
        Sexuality Issues
      - Religious Extremism
  - - - Abraham (2000 BCE)
        
        Father or Patriach of the Jews
      - Moses (1391-1271 BCE)
    - - Yahweh
        
        Jehovah (Latin of Yahweh)
        
        HaShem (The Name)
        
        YWYH
    - - 2000-1500 BCE (EARLY PATRIACHS)
        
        Abrahan entered into a covenant with God, promising faith and obedience in exchange for blessings and lands for his descendants.
      - 13TH CENTURY
        
        Moses received the Torah at Mt. Sinai, including the Ten Commandments from God.
      - THE BABYLONIAN EXILE
        
        Marked the beginning of the Jewish Diaspora.
      - 586 BCE & 70 CE
        
        Destruction of the first and second temple.
      - 20TH CENTURY (THE HOLOCAUST)
        
        Led to the establishment of the State of Israel.
    - - Tanakh
        
        Torah (Law)
        
        10 Commandments (Mitzvot)
        
        The Five Books of Moses
        
        Genesis (creation of mankind)
        
        Exodus (the israelites enslavement in Egypt, the giving of Torah and the building of Mishkan)
        
        Leviticus (laws of sacrificial worship in the Mishkan)
        
        Numbers (wanderings, census, and rebellion of the israelites)
        
        Deuteronomy (Moses’ final speech)
        
        Nevi’im (Prophets)
        
        Former Prophets (Narrative books of Joshua through Kings)
        
        Latter Prophets (Contains prophecies in the form of biblical poetry)
        
        Ketuvim (Writings)
        
        Consists of religious poetry and wisdom literature (Psalms, Proverbs, and Job)
      - Salmud
        
        Compilation of rabbinic discussions and interpretations of the Torah.
      - Synagogue
        
        Primary place of worship, study, and community gatherings. Also for reading Torah and prayers.
        
        Important Personnel: Rabbis (Jewsih Teachers)
    - - Mitzvot (Commandments)
        
        Govern all aspects of life. (Total of 613 mitzvot)
      - The Torah
        
        Contains laws and teachings. Foundational for the overall Jewish life.
      - Messianism
        
        Hope for the arrival of the Messiah.
      - Monotheism
        
        Following God’s will and acting ethically.
      - Shabbat (Day of rest from Friday to Saturday)
        
        Serves as a spiritual reflection. A important practice that promotes rest, family connection, and a break from modern life.
    - - Rising Antisemitism
      - Assimilation and Identity
      - Internal Divisions
      - Political Changes in Israel
  - - - Has 99 beautiful names in the Qur’an. (The Merciful, The Creator, and the All-Knowing)
    - - Sheikh Tamim bin Hamad Al-Thani
      - King Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud
      - Ayatollah Hajj Sayyid Ali Khamenei
      - President Recep Tayyib Erdoğan
      - Kind Abdullah II
    - - 7TH CENTURY
        
        Islam originated in Mecca.
      - 610 CE
        
        Prophet Muhammad received his first revelation from Allah through the Angel Gabriel
      - 622 CE
        
        Muhammad and his followers freely practice and establish their first Islamic state at Medina
      - 624-689 CE
        
        Major battles fought by Muslims
      - After Muhammad’s death
        
        Islam spread all over the world by Islamic empires
    - - Qur’an (the most scared text for the Islamic religious tradition, believed to be a revelation directly from Allah)
      - Hadith (record of traditions or stories about the Prophet Muhammad)
      - Mosque (place of worship of muslims)
        
        Important Personnel: Imam
      - Mecca (Muhammad’s birthplace, “the heart of Islam”)
      - Medina (the destination Prophet Muhammad and his followers after fleeing Mecca)
    - - Five Pillars of Islam
        
        Zakah/Zakat (Charity)
        
        “Alms Giving”, a form of tax to help the poor, free people of debt and thr needy. Muslims are required to give a portion of their wealth (usually 2.5% of savings)
        
        Sawm (Fasting)
        
        During the month of Ramadan, Muslims fast from dawn to sunset, serving as a period of intense spiritual devotion.
        
        Salah/Salat (Prayer)
        
        Perform five daily prayers (Fajr, Dhuhr, Asr, Maghrib, and Isha) at a mosque
        
        Hajj (Pilgrimage)
        
        Muslims who are physically and financially able are required to perform the pilgrimage to Mecca at least once.
        
        Shahadah (Faith)
        
        Belief in one God and that Muhammad is His messenger. “La ilaha illa Allah wa Muhammad ar-rasulullah”
    - - Gender Inequality
      - The Holy War (Jihad)
      - Militancy
      - Terrorism
- - - - 33 Million Gods and Goddesses
        
        Brahman - symbolized by fire and fhe soun “aum”
        
        Vishnu - preserver of Cosmos :
        
        Shiva - destroyer, represented as a dancing figure
    - - 3300-1300 BCE (Indus Valley Civilization)
        
        Roots of the religion. Originated in the Indian subcontinent.
      - Spanning over 4,000 years
      - Evolved organically from ancient cultural, social, and spiritual traditions
    - - Vedas (oldest texts of Hinduism, teaches the origin of and reason of existence)
      - Upanishads (”seating near a teacher”, explicates Hindu cosmology and the place of humanity in the plan of Brahman)
      - Bhagavad-Gita (”song of the blessed one”, praises the benefits of yoga and living according to one’s duty or dharma
      - Mandir (temples)
        
        Important Personnel: Priests
      - Murti (home of the deity’s image)
      - Shikara (inner shrine where the Murti’s place is inside of)
    - - Dharma (Duty)
        
        Refers to the behaviors which are in harmony with the “order and custom” that sustains life; “virtue”, or “religious and moral duties”.
      - Karma (Pleasure)
        
        Actions that have consequences.
      - Artha (Wealth)
        
        Pursuit of wealth or material prosperity.
      - Moksha (Liberation)
        
        Refers to the freedom and the cycle of death and rebirth.
      - Samsara
        
        Cycle of life, death, and rebirth, or the reincarnation Hindus believed that the atman (soul) follows moral rules called dharma to build good karma.
    - - Advancement of the world
      - Lack of resources
      - Practices and traditions are forced to change to fit in with the new social context
      - Industrialization and mass education
      - Social Justice
  - - - Siddharta - became Buddha
    - - Dalai Lama
      - Nagarjuna
      - King Ashoka
      - Bohidharma
      - Padmasambhava
    - - 3RD CENTURY BCE
        
        Focuses on buddha’s original teachings.(Thervada Buddhism: oldest form)
      - 1ST CENTURY CE
        
        Focuses on the Bodhisattva ideal-seeking enlightenment for the benefit of all beings. (Mahayana Buddhism)
      - 7TH CENTURY CE
        
        Focuses on esoteric practices, rituals, and meditation techniques often guided by a spiritual teacher, Lama (Vajrayna Buddhism)
      - 19TH TO 20TH CENTURY
        
        Moden Buddhism’s revival in Asia due to the interest of the West
    - - Tripitaka (Contains the Dharma or teachings of the Buddha as well as rules for monks and nuns.)
        
        Vinaya Basket (Rules for monks)
        
        Sutta (Sutras) Basket (Dharma or teachings of Buddha)
        
        Abhidhamma Basket (Guide for deep meditation)
      - Temple or Monastery
        
        Important Personnel: Monks and Dalai Lama
      - Lumbini Grove/Garden (Nepal) - Buddha’s birthplace
    - - The Four Noble Truths
        
        The Truth of Suffering
        
        The Truth of the Cause of Suffering
        
        The Truth of the End of Suffering
        
        The Truth of the Path leading to the End of Suffering
      - The Noble Eightfold Path
        
        Path to liberation from samsara.
      - Nirvana
        
        The highest state someone can attain.
    - - Engage Activism
      - Secularization and declining religious engagement
      - Political and Social Conflicts
      - Gender Inequality
- - - - Confucius (551-479 BCE)
      - Mencius (372-289 BCE)
    - - Xunzi (Minister Xun)
    - - 475-221 BCE (Warring States Period
        
        Confucius sought to provide a moral framework to battle the sociopolitical anomalies through teaching ethical governance, education, and family values
      - 1271-1368 (Yuan Mongol Dynasty)
        
        Koreans who came back from the capital of Yuan brought Neo-Confucianism to Korea
      - Han Dynasty
        
        Confucianism was introduced by the Korean scholar name Wani who was sent to Japanese islands
      - Chinese Domination in Vietnam
        
        Confucianism was introduced to Vietnam and changed the matriarchy of Vietnam to patriarchy
    - - Sacred Places and Important Personnel: None
      - Four Books of Confucianism
        
        The Great Learning
        
        Analects (collection of teachings and discussions attributed to Confucius and his disciples)
        
        Mencius
        
        The Doctrine of the Mean
    - - Li (Ritual Propriety)
      - Ren (Humanity)
      - Xiao (Filial Piety)
      - De (Virtue)
      - Junzi or Zhunzi (Superior Person)
    - - Gender Inequality
      - Globalization and Cultural Identity
      - Educational Integration
      - Political and Social Relevance
  - - - Zhuangzi
      - Zhang Daoling
      - Ge Hong
    - - Pre-historic China
        
        Taoism was created
      - Over time
        
        Taoisim evolved in response to changing times, with its doctrines practices being revised and redefined
    - - Tao Teh Ching or Dao De Ching (The way and Its Power; a collection of 81 prose poems by Lao zi)
      - Taoist Temples or Gong (holy hall where Taoists perform their religious ceremonies)
        
        Important Personnel: None
    - - Dao (The Way)
        
        An eternal, formless, and all-encompassing life force that surrounds and sustains the universe. It cannot be seen, heard, or touched, but it’s always present.
      - Wu Wei (Effortless Action)
        
        A principle for cultivating the mind.
      - Qing Jing (Tranquility)
        
        A fundamental Taoist belief; refers to a calm mind free of worries
    - - Rapid societal changes
      - Environmental Degradation
  - - - Kami
      - Izanami
      - Amaterasu
      - Susano-o
      - Tsuki-yomi
    - - Shintō (a traditional Japanese religious practice)
        
        Divided into three categories: Shrine Shintō, Sect Shintō, and Folk Shintō
      - PRE-1900s
        
        Yayoi culture is linked to Shintō.
      - 4TH CENTURY CE
        
        A nation led by an Imperial Household was created.
    - - Kojiki (early Japanese chronicles of myths, legends, hymms, genealogies, etc.)
      - Nihongi (historical record that traces the lineage of Japan’s Yamato rulers back to the gods)
      - Torii (traditional Japanese gate found at the entrace of a Shinto shrine)
      - Shrines (place of worship for the kami)
        
        Important Personnel: Shinto Priests and Shrine Maidens
    - - Polytheism
        
        Multiple kamis found in seas, mountains, and great men.
      - Spirits called Kami inhabit the natural world (nature and objects)
    - - No moral absolutes
      - Good is the default condition
      - Things which are usually regarded as bad in Shinto
        
        Things which disturb kami
        
        Things which disturb the worship of kami
        
        Things which disrupt the harmony of the world
        
        Things which disrupt the social order
        
        Things which disrupt the group of which one is a member