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Group methods + influence - Coggle Diagram
Group methods + influence
Ministers + Civil servants
Targeted by groups because thats were power lies, more likely to get it done, develop and make public policy
Have a need for specialised knowledge and advice to inform policy process
Want to gain cooperation of public invested groups to gain public interest to decrease scope for opposition during legislation process
Parliament
May not be able to gain access to government but gaining access to parliament also gains access to media coverage
Gov with smaller majorities will have more indendent minded mps show more room for influence - coalition backbenchers rebelled 35% of time
MPs want to make themselves look good so may take backbenchers suggestions - not case for blair and iraq war
How do they infleunce parliament:
Asking MPs to introduce amendments and drafting it together
Infleucning the way MPs and peers vote on the bill
drafting private members bill sending to people who get pulled in annual ballot
Contributing to departmental reports
Political parties
Can influence party manifestos
Can influence through funding and donations
Think tank common wealth established in 2019 developed strong ties with labour leaders to focus on getting workers more say on businesses run
Wider access points
Devolution in S,W + NI provided new targets for lobbying
CBI and trade unions congress have offices in S, W and London
EU powerful factor so groups move focus there, decisions make entails close engagement with affected interests
Public opinion
Push issues up political agenda
Public petitions
Marches and demonstrations eg, anti war demonstrations
Non biolent civil disobedience tactics eg, extinction rebellion
2019 over 280 protests
Modern technology role
Pressure groups use online platforms to generate media focus to shape political agenda
Marcus rashford social media movement to aid children with food vouchers
Courts
Increased usage of judical review to promote use of going through courts to contest a legislation
Challenges governmental officials who may be seen to exceed or breach powers
used to generate media publicity