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THE CONQUEST AND COLONISATION OF AMERICA - Coggle Diagram
THE CONQUEST AND COLONISATION OF AMERICA
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE CONQUEST
The Spanish justification for the conquest was that they needed to convert the indigenous inhabitants to Christianity.
Resistance of large empires and smaller tribes was lower because of the infectious diseases
introduced by the Europeans.
The large empires were conquered by small groups of conquistadores and occurred for various reasons:
Tactics
The indigenous empires had rigid, hierarchical societies.
Internal conflicts
The indigenous peoples in America had suppressed other tribes to gain power.
Military equipmen
The conquistadores used firearms, metal armour and horses.
The indigenous tribes more difficult to conquer
Some groups, such as the Mapuche, were never conquered
There were various reasons for this:
Their societies were not hierarchical, so the tactic of attacking the leader would not work.
In rainforests, the conquistadores firearms and armour could not be used effectively.
Tribes lived in small territories, so to conquer an area similar to that of a large empire, the conquistadores had to fight in battles.
The Conquistadores
These were members of the third estate or the lower nobility.
KEY CONQUESTS
Until the year 1515, the Castilian occupation had been limited to the Caribbean islands and the Isthmus of Panama.
These areas were used as a base for the conquest’s major expeditions.
The southern part of today’s United States
From Mexico, explorers travelled to the southern part of today’s United States.
The conquest of the Mayan civilisation
Pedro de Alvarado left Mexico and conquered the main Mayan cities in Yucatán and Honduras.
The conquest of the Aztec Empire
Hernán Cortés left Cuba in 1519 and headed to the coast of what is now Mexico
There, he became allied with indigenous groups
With their help, Cortés was able to enter Tenochtitlán and capture Emperor Montezuma II
The conquest of the southern regions
Chile was eventually conquered by Pedro Valdivia
The regions of Paraguay and Río de la Plata were conquered by Pedro de Mendoza
The conquest of the Inca Empire
This expedition was led by Francisco Pizarro and Diego de Almagro, in 1531
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