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Chapter 23: Protists - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Make Larger Size Possible
    - - Easily Assembled & Broken Fibers
        
        Microtubules Tubulin Proteins
        
        Cell Division (Including Centrosome & Paired Centrioles)
        
        Transport of & Within Cell (Including Flagella & Cilia)
        
        Cell Support
        
        Microfilaments Actin Proteins
        
        Muscle Cell Contraction
        
        Amoeboid Movement
        
        Cytoplasmic Streaming
      - More Permanent Fibers
        
        Intermediate Filaments Keratin Proteins
  - - - Chloroplasts with Chlorophyll A
      - Various Accessory Pigments
      - Some Chloroplasts Secondary Endosymbiosis
    - - Absorptive
        
        Monomers Cross Plasma Membrane by Diffusion & Active Transport
        
        Parasites (May Secrete Digestive Enzymes)
      - Ingestive
        
        Particles Taken in by Phagocytosis Followed by Intracellular Digestion
        
        Food Taken into Digestive Cavity, Followed by Extracellular Digestion
  - - - Single Cell
      - Diverse Organelles, Diverse Forms
    - - Connected Daughter Cells
      - Shared Resources
      - Some Specialized, Changeable Roles
    - - Specialization, Interdependence
      - Junctions
      - Communication & Coordination
  - - - Single Cell
      - Mostly Mitosis
      - Some Budding or Fragmentation & Regeneration
    - - Meiosis & Fertilization
      - Separate Haploid & Diploid Phases
      - Two Haploid Gametes Form Diploid Zygote
  - - - Plants
      - Animals
      - Fungi
    - - Polyphyletic
      - All Other Eukaryotes
      - Aquatic or Moist Environments
      - Multicellularity Evolved Several Times
- - - - Durable Cysts Consumed in Water
      - Asexual Mitosis & Cytokinesis
  - - - Human Vaginal Parasite
    - - Symbiotic Bacteria to Digest Wood
  - - - Free-Living
      - Aquatic
      - Mixotroph with Green Chloroplasts (2°)
      - Complex Pellicle Protein for Euglenoid Movement
    - - Blood Parasite
      - Sleeping Sickness
- - - - More Than One Host
      - Multiple Forms
    - - Causes Malaria
      - Carried by Mosquitos
      - Sporozoites (n) in Mosquitos
      - Merozoites (n) in Liver & RBC
      - Gametocytes (n) Fertilized in Mosquitos
      - Mostly Haploid Life Cycle
      - Zygotes (2n) Undergo Meiosis to Become Oocyst
    - - Sometimes Symbionts in Corals
  - - - Feed on Bacteria & Algae
    - - Animal-Like in Function
      - Feeding, Waste Removal, Water Balance
    - - Preys on Other Ciliates
    - - Macronucleus
        
        Polyploid
        
        Cell Functions
      - Micronucleus
        
        Genetic Recombination
        
        Nuclear Envelope Does Not Disintegrate
        
        Conjugation Trades Haploid Micronuclei & Replaces Old Macronucleus
        
        No Gametes
  - - - Photosynthetic Mutualists in Corals
      - Bioluminescence
    - - Chemoheterotroph
      - Blooms Kill Fish or Create Toxic Red Tides
    - - Photoautotroph
      - Chloroplasts (2°)
  - - - Membrane-Enclosed Sac Beneath Cell Membrane
- - - - Unique Red Phycoerythrin Accessory Pigment (Absorbs Light in Deeper Water)
    - - Carrageenan Thickener
      - Agar in Petri dishes
  - - - Volvox
        
        Large Colony with Specialization
      - Scenedesmus
        
        Simple Colony of Four
      - Gonium
        
        Small Colony
    - - Phytoplankton
        
        Chlamydomonas
    - - Large Body Form
      - Caulerpa
        
        Intertidal
    - - Seaweeds
        
        Ulva
        
        Thallose
      - Freshwater Algae
        
        Cladophora
        
        Filamentous
  - - - Chlorophytes
        
        Considered Green Algae
      - Branch Point
        
        Land Plants
        
        Not Considered Protists or Algae
        
        Charophytes
        
        Considered Green Algae
- - - - Feed as Multinucleate Plasmodium
      - Dog Vomit
    - - Feed as Single Cells
      - Gather as Aggregate (Spores) When Food is Gone
  - - - Amebic Dysentery
      - Kills & Digests Intestinal Lining
- - - - Store Energy as Oil for Floating
  - - - Floats (Buds on Leaves)
    - - Commercial Food Thickener (Algin)
      - Alternation of Generations
        
        Haploid
        
        Zoospore (Not Gamete)
        
        Gametophytes (Sperm & Egg)
        
        Diploid
        
        Zygote / Developing Sporophyte
        
        Sporophyte with Sporangia
  - - - Diploid Filamentous Growth (Mycelia)
    - - Cellulose Walls, Not Chitin
    - - Irish Potato Famine
      - Flagellated Spores
- - - - Pseudopodia Extends Through Pores in Test
  - - - Reinforced by Microtubules