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T and D sounds - Coggle Diagram
T and D sounds
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T is common in stressed syllables and at the beginning of words (Top, Tea, Tent).
D is often used in past tense endings (Played, Cried).
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Flap T/D in American English: In words like butter, ladder, the /t/ and /d/ sound like a quick "d" sound.
Glottal T in British English (Cockney, Estuary): /t/ is dropped in words like bottle ("bo'le").
In Indian English, /t/ and /d/ might be pronounced with more retroflexion (tongue curled back slightly).
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Examples: Dog, Dance, Door
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Can appear in different positions: Initial (Day), Medial (Ladder), Final (Bad).
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Some speakers of other languages replace /d/ with /t/ because their native language doesn’t distinguish between them.
In fast speech, /d/ can sound like a flap (like the American pronunciation of butter → "budder").
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Examples: Tap, Time, Table
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Appears in different positions: Initial (Tea), Medial (Butter – in American English, sounds like "budder"), Final (Cat).
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Some languages don’t have a strong /t/ sound, making it hard for learners to pronounce clearly.
In some accents (e.g., Cockney, Estuary English), /t/ is replaced with a glottal stop (bottle → bo'le).
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Similar to /t/, the tongue touches the alveolar ridge.
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