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CV DRUGS - Coggle Diagram
CV DRUGS
DIURETICS
DISEASE SPOTLIGHT
THIAZIDE AND THIAZIDE-LIKE DIURETICS
Hydrochlorothiazide - often found in irbesartan, telmisartan
chlorthalidone
indapamide
LOOP DIURETICS
furosemide (lasix) for conditions requiring rapid diuresis
bumetanide
torsemide
CARBONIC ANHYDRASE INHIBITORS
acetazolamide, - methazolamide
POTASSIUM-SPARRING DIURETICS
spironolactone (used in heart failure and conditions of excess aldosterone) - eplerenone - amiloride - triamterene
OSMOTIC DIURETICS
Mannitol - for pt with elevated intracranial pressure or to promote diuresis in renal failure
NURSING CONSIDERATIONS
ANTIHYPERTENSIVE DRUGS
ANTI ARRHYTHMIC DRUGS
ANTI ANGINAL DRUGS
ANTI HYPERLIPDEMIC DRUGS
CARDIOTONIC-INOTROPIC DRUGS
DRUGS AFFECTING COAGULATION
1. ANTIPLATELETS
acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin, aspro clear)
clopidogrel
dipyridamole
ticagrelor
Mechanisms
- inhibit platelet aggregation to prevent clot formation
Clinical Use
- used to prevent arterial thrombosis in conditions like acute coronary syndrome (ACS), myocardial infarction, and for stroke prevention
Nursing considerations
- monitor signs of bleeding, educate patients about the importance of not stopping medication abruptly
2. ANTICOAGULANTS
warafin, dabigatran, rivoroxaban (xeralto), apixaban
Mechanism
- act on various point of the coagulation cascade to prevent thrombus formation
Clinical Use
- used in the prevention and treatment of venous thromboembolism (VTE), and in the prevention of stroke in atrial fibrillation
3. THROMBOLYTIC AGENTS
alteplase - reteplase - tenecteplase (TNKase) - urokinase
Mechanism
- facilitate clot breakdown by converting plasminogen to plasmin, which digests fibrin
Clinical use
- acute management of ischemic stroke, myocardial infarction, and massive pulmonary embolism
Nursing considerations - strict criteria for administration to avoid catastrophic bleeds, close monitoring during and after administration for signs of bleeding, neurological changes, and allergic reactions
4. HEPARINS
dalteparin (fragmin), enoxaparin (lovenox) - tinzaparin (Innohep)
mechanisms - enhance the activity of antithrombin III, thus inhibiting thrombin and factor Xa
Clinical ise - prevention and treatment of VTE, used during percutaneous coronary interventions
regular monitoring