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Periodic Table Groups - Coggle Diagram
Periodic Table Groups
Group 1: THE ALKALI METALS (The S-block)
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All have 1 valence electron (electron in the outermost shell of the atom)
Easily LOSE their one valence electron to become +1 ions
EXTREMELY reactive-never found as a lone atom in nature!
Contains the MOST reactive metal: FRANCIUM (Fr).
They react vigorously with water and may cause an explosion
Group 2- THE ALKALINE EARTH METALS (The S-block)
All have 2 valence electrons
Prefer to LOSE their two valence electrons to become 2+ ions
FAIRLY reactive- never found alone in nature
They are all metals
They are soft solids
Malleable (can be hammered into sheets)
Ductile (can be made into wires)
Group 3-->12 - THE TRANSITION METALS
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Form COLORED IONS in solution (ex: Cu is bright blue when dissolved in water)
Tend to be UNPREDICTABLE- almost every transition metal can FORM DIFFERENT NUMBERS OF BONDS depending on what other elements or ions are present
Have multiple oxidation states (they can lose 1, 2, 3, or more electrons depending on the element, the conditions, and atoms around it!)
LEAST reactive group of metals
Most likely to be found UNCOMBINED in nature (Think of pure gold!)
Group 13-->16 - The BCNO Groups (The P-block)
MISCELLANEOUS groups with highly varying properties.
includes various types of atoms: Metals, nonmetals, & metalloids found along the staircase
The metals in these groups are shiny
The metals in these groups are excellent conductors of heat and electricity
The nonmetals have low BP
The nonmetals in these groups are poor conductors of heat and electricity
Group 17- The Halogens (The P-block)
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7 valence electrons
Like to gain 1 electron to become ions with -1 charge
Form SALTS/COMPOUNDS with metals called HALIDES
Contains the most REACTIVE nonmetal: FLUORINE (F)
All NONMETALS
Group 18- The Noble Gases (The P-block)
UNREACTIVE or INERT- because they have an OCTET of valence electrons (8 electrons in the outer energy level)
Helium is an exception- it has 2 valence electrons only!
Most STABLE group; exist as LONE and UNBONDED atoms in nature
non-flammable
odorless