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Relative Clauses, Key Features:, This information is not essential to…
Relative Clauses
Restrictive Relative Clauses (Defining Clauses)
Restrictive relative clauses help identify which person or thing we are talking about. Without the clause, the sentence would be unclear.
Without this clause, the sentence would be incomplete or change in meaning.
Examples: The book that I borrowed was fascinating
that I borrowed specifies which book is being referred to.
"The teacher who explained the lesson is kind."
who explained the lesson tells us exactly which teacher is being discussed.
Non-Restrictive Relative Clauses (Non-Defining Clauses)
Non-restrictive relative clauses simply add more detail and can be removed without changing the basic meaning of the sentence.
Key Features:
No commas around the clause.
Often uses "that", "who", or "whom" as relative pronouns.
Example sentence: "The students who studied passed the test."
Tip: If you remove the clause, the sentence might not fully make sense.
This information is not essential to understand the sentence.
Examples: "My brother, who lives in Paris, is visiting next week."
who lives in Paris adds extra detail, but we already know who the brother is.
The car, which is new, costs a lot of money
which is new provides additional detail about the car, but the sentence still works without it.
Key Features:
Commas are required before and after the clause.
Uses "which" or "who" as relative pronouns.
Example sentence: "My dog, who loves to play, is very friendly."
Non-restrictive clauses provide additional, non-essential information that could be omitted without changing the meaning of the sentence.
Restrictive clauses are necessary for the sentence to convey the correct meaning.