Please enable JavaScript.

Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.

Travel behavior, TPB, Transport Policy, Impacts of the transport system,…

- - - - Capability
        
        Biological, mental, instrumental limitations
      - Coupling
        
        Difficulties when part of joint activity
      - Authority
        
        Access to activities based in laws/rules on place
      - People are limited in changing their behaviour
- - - - Rational considration
      - Societal factors
      - Emotions
      - Cognitive dissonance
        
        Change behavior
        
        Change attitude - easier
    - - Not in line with factual options
      - Bias in estimating one's abilities
  - - - Theory of planned behavior
        
        Behavior arises from intention
        
        Attitudes
        
        Beliefs that a behavior will yield a particular outcome
        
        Social norms
        
        Willingness to comply with expectations of others
        
        Percieved Behavioral Control (PBC)
        
        Reflects confidence in one's capabilities when enacting the behaviour
    - - Norm Activation Model
      - Willingness of an individual to sacrifice personal benefit for common good
    - - Instrumental outcomes
        
        Functional. Achieving the basic goal
      - Symbolic outcomes
        
        How will behavior be percieved by others
      - Affective outcomes
        
        How enjoyable the behavior will be
    - - Difficult for an individual to change a habit. Irrational behaviour
- - - - How to choose between fast and expensive -vs- slow and cheap
      - Differs with trip purpose and context
    - - Change in demand based on change in price
    - - Long term =-1. 10% increase in travel time leads to a 10%
        decrease in the total distance travelled
        
        Links to theory of constant travel time budgets
      - Change in volume of traffic depending on the time spent on a certain trip
    - - How sensitive is a characteristic of one mode of transort to a change in a characteristic of another
    - - How demand on a good changes with a change in consumer's income
      - Aviation - luxury good
      - Car - normal good
      - PT - inferior good
- - - - Emissions, accidents (from use of vehicles)
      - Parked vehicles (idle phase)
      - Land take, visual presence, wildlife habitats (infrastracture externalities)
- - - - Improve accessibility
        
        Infrastructure provision and traffic management
        
        New roads
        
        Incresing capacity
        
        Bike facilities etc.
        
        Pricing
        
        Socially unsupported
        
        Equity issues
        
        Difficult to come up with efficient fares
        
        Land use policies - Density, Diversity, Design, Distance to PT, Destination accessibility
      - Improve environment, livability, health
        
        Regulations
        
        Emission + noise standards
        
        Fuel standards
        
        Noise barriers
        
        Promoting active modes
      - Improve road safety
        
        Safety standards for vehicles
        
        Traffic rules
        
        Adapting forgiving infrastructure (e.g. roundabouts)
      - Improving equity
        
        Providing connections to low density areas
        
        Subsidies
        
        Public transport fares
        
        Lowering fuel taxes
      - Generate gov-t revenue
        
        Road tax
        
        Fuel tax
        
        Purchase tax
- - - - Preferences
        
        Capabilities
- - - - Different time for different modes
      - Dfferent subjective perception of time
      - Theory of constant travel time budgets
        
        People spend about the same time travelling no matter their speed and distance.
        
        Comes from limited ampunt of time in a day
- - - - Opportunities per km2. Travel distance decrease. Affect modal choice