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Neurodevelopmental Disorders - Coggle Diagram
Neurodevelopmental Disorders
Williams Syndrome
Symptoms: Intellectual disability, unique facial features, strong verbal skills, extreme friendliness, and heart problems.
Causes: Spontaneous genetic deletion during development.
Definition: A genetic disorder caused by the deletion of genes on chromosome 7, leading to developmental delays and a highly social personality.
Impact: Individuals often struggle with spatial awareness and math but have strong musical abilities and social engagement.
Fragile X Syndrome
Symptoms: Learning disabilities, hyperactivity, speech delays, social anxiety, and repetitive behaviors.
Causes: A mutation in the FMR1 gene on the X chromosome, affecting brain function.
Definition: A genetic condition affecting intellectual development, often linked to autism-like behaviors.
Impact: Can range from mild to severe; boys are more affected than girls. With early intervention, many can develop communication and social skills.
Autism Spectrum Disorder
Symptoms: Difficulty with social interactions, limited verbal and non-verbal communication, repetitive behaviors, and strong preferences for routines.
Cause: The exact cause of autism is not known, but genetic and environmental factors are thought to play a role.
Definition: Autism is a spectrum of neurodevelopmental conditions that affect social interaction, communication, and behavior.
Impact: Individuals with autism often struggle with social integration and communication, but many have unique strengths in areas like memory and attention to detail.
Down Syndrome
Symptoms: Delayed physical and intellectual development, characteristic facial features (e.g., almond-shaped eyes), and speech difficulties.
Cause: The extra chromosome is the result of an error in cell division during the formation of the egg or sperm.
Definition: Down syndrome is a genetic disorder caused by the presence of an extra chromosome 21, leading to developmental delays and intellectual disability.
Impact: People with Down syndrome often face challenges in learning, but with support, many live fulfilling lives and contribute to their communities.
Rett Syndrome
Symptoms: Loss of purposeful hand movements, difficulty walking, speech impairments, seizures, and social withdrawal.
Cause: It is caused by mutations in the MECP2 gene, which affects brain development.
Definition: Rett syndrome is a rare genetic disorder that mainly affects girls and causes severe cognitive and physical impairments.
Impact: Although it may appear normal at first, symptoms usually become more apparent around six to eighteen months of age, leading to severe developmental regression.
Tourette Syndrome
Symptoms: Tics can be motor (e.g., blinking, head jerking) or vocal (e.g., grunting, repeating words). These tics can worsen in adolescence.
Cause: The exact cause is unclear but is believed to involve abnormalities in brain regions that control movement.
Definition: Tourette syndrome is a neurological disorder characterized by repetitive, involuntary movements and vocalizations called tics.
Impact: Tics can be disruptive to daily life, but many individuals with Tourette’s live normal lives and may experience a reduction in tics as they age.
Asperger’s Syndrome
Symptoms: Difficulty understanding social cues, narrow and intense interests in specific subjects, and sometimes clumsiness or problems with motor skills.
Cause: Like other autism spectrum disorders, Asperger's is thought to have genetic and environmental causes.
Definition: Asperger’s Syndrome is a form of autism spectrum disorder characterized by difficulties in social interaction and non-verbal communication.
Impact: People with Asperger’s often have normal or above-average intelligence and may have difficulty with social integration but can excel in academic or technical areas.