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Lymphatic/Immune System Jasmine Baez Period 5 - Coggle Diagram
Lymphatic/Immune System Jasmine Baez Period 5
Major Functions of the Lymphatic & Immune Systems
Immune System (Innate)
: Has specific pathways for certain substances. Innate response releases proteins that alert cells of adaptive system to stop attacks by pathogens
Adaptive System (Specific)
: Is a specific defense system that eliminates pathogens and abnormal cells.
Lymphatic System
: Collects excess fluid from body tissues, filters it through lymph nodes to remove waste products and returns filtered fluid back to the blood stream.
First, Second, and Third line of defense
First Line of Defense
: Physical and chemical barriers that cover the body's surfaces, such as skin and mucosae membranes.
Second Line of Defense
: Are the internal defenses containing cells & chemicals that activate when pathogens invade deeper tissue. Such as antimicrobial proteins, phagocytes, and other cells.
Third Line of Defense
: A specific line of defense that attacks particular foreign substances, although takes longer to react than innate system.
Humoral response & Cellular response
Humoral Immunity
: Consists of antibodies, produced by lymphocytes, and circulate freely in body fluids. They bind temporarily to target cell and marks them for destruction.
Cellular Immunity
: Consists of lymphocytes that act directly by killing infected cells. As well as indirectly by releasing chemicals that enhance inflammation or activate other immune cells.
Passive vs. Active Immunity
Passive Humoral Immunity
: Occurs when ready-made antibodies are introduced into the body. Only occurs if B cells aren't challenged by antigens, protection ends when antibodies degrade.
Active Humoral Immunity
: Occurs when B cells encounter antigens and produce antibodies against them.
Cells involved in the immune system & their functions
Neutrophils
: Most abundant phagocytes, but die fighting.
Macrophages
: Develop from monocytes and are chief Phagocytic cells
Phagocytes
: White blood cells that ingest & digest foreign invaders.
Location of Lymphatic organs & their functions
Tonsils
: At the posterior end of the oral cavity. It gathers and removes pathogens in food or air.
Lymph Nodes
: Embedded deep in connective tissue alongside lymphatic vessels. It filters the lymph and helps lymphocytes activate and mount an attack against antigens.
Thymus
: Bilobed lymphoid organ found in inferior neck. T cells mature here, its largest during childhood then stops growing during adolescence but produces immunocompetent cells.
MALT
: Found in Tonsils, Peyers Patches, and Appendix. It protects from pathogens trying to enter the body.
Spleen
: Located on the left side of the abdominal cavity, below stomach. It is the site of lymphocyte proliferation, immune surveillance, & response. Cleanses blood of aged blood cells & platelets.
Artificial vs. Naturally acquired immunity
Naturally acquired (Active)
: Formed in response to actual bacterial or viral infection.
(Passive)
: Antibodies delivered to fetus via placenta or to infant through milk.
Artificially acquired (Active)
: Formed in response to vaccine of dead or attenuated pathogens.
(Passive)
: Injection of serum, immediate protection that ends when antibodies naturally degrade in body.
Innate(natural) immune defenses & Adaptive(acquired) immune defenses
The
Innate defense system
uses the first line of defense, external body surfaces, and the second line of defense, internal defenses, to inhibit the spread of invaders through inflammation.
The
Adaptive defense system
uses the third line of defense which attacks foreign substances when the skin is breached. It takes longer to react than the innate defense system.
Antigens & Antibodies
Antigens
: Substances that are targets of all adaptive immune responses and triggers them. Most are large complex molecules not normally found in body
(Nonself)
.Can be a
complete
antigen or
hapten
(incomplete), or
self-
antigen
Antibodies
: Are proteins secreted by plasma cells. They bind specifically to antigens detected by B cells.
Disorders associated with the immune system
Autoimmunity
: Production of auto-antibodies & sensitized cytotoxic T cells that destroys body tissue.
Hypersensitivities
: Immune response to perceived threat causing tissue damage.
Autoimmune disease
: Results when immune system loses ability to distinguish self from foreign substances.
Human immunodeficiency virus
: Cripples immune system by interfering with activity of Helper T cells, transmitted via blood, semen, & vaginal secretions.
Hodgkin's disease
: Is an acquired immunodeficiency causing cancer of B cells, depressing lymph node cells & this leads to immunodeficiency.
Severe combined immunodeficiency syndrome
: Genetic defect with marked deficit in B & T cells.
Immunodeficiency
: Congenital or acquired conditions that impair function or production of immune cells or molecules.
Immediate Hypersensitivity
: Begins seconds after contact with allergens, antigen that causes allergic reaction.