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Children with distextabilities, Challenges in Inclusive Education, Aarón…
Children with distextabilities
Educational Approach for Children with Disabilities
Children with disabilities have the right to an inclusive and adapted education. The term "children with disabilities" is preferred over "disabled children" to emphasize the person rather than the condition.
Laws ensure their access to regular classrooms with specialized support, and technology facilitates their learning. However, challenges remain in teacher training and school accessibility.
Types of Disabilities
Learning Disabilities
Children with learning disabilities do not have intellectual problems but face specific difficulties in processing information. Common types include:
Dyslexia: Severe difficulty in reading and spelling, caused by issues in associating sounds and letters.
Dysgraphia: Difficulty writing clearly and fluently, including poor handwriting and spelling problems.
Dyscalculia: Problems understanding mathematical concepts, making problem-solving and calculations difficult.
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
Inattention: Difficulty focusing on tasks for extended periods.
Hyperactivity: Excessive energy and movement.
Impulsivity: Acting without considering consequences.
Intellectual Disability
Refers to difficulties in intelligence and adapting to daily life. It is classified as:
Mild (IQ 55-70): Children can learn basic skills with support.
Moderate (IQ 40-54): Requires specialized teaching to develop functional abilities.
Severe (IQ 25-39) and Profound (IQ <25): Needs constant support in all activities.
Physical Disorders
Includes conditions that affect mobility or body control:
Cerebral palsy: Lack of muscle control and coordination due to brain damage.
Epilepsy: Neurological disorder with recurring seizures.
Sensory Disorders
Affect vision or hearing, limiting how children perceive the world.
Visual impairment: Ranges from mild vision problems to total blindness. These children can use tactile materials, audiobooks, and magnification devices.
Hearing impairment: Can be congenital or acquired. Educational methods include lip reading, sign language, and cochlear implants.
Speech and Language Disorders
Communication difficulties can be divided into:
Articulation disorders: Difficulty pronouncing sounds correctly.
Fluency disorders: Problems in speech rhythm, such as stuttering.
Language disorders: Difficulty understanding or expressing language properly.
Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD)
Children with ASD have difficulties with social interaction and communication, along with repetitive behaviors. The spectrum includes:
Severe autism: Serious communication and behavioral issues.
Asperger’s syndrome: Advanced verbal skills but challenges in social interaction.
Emotional and Behavioral Disorders
These children may display problems such as:
Aggressive and disruptive behavior: Defiant attitudes, fights, and disobedience.
Depression and anxiety: Prolonged emotional states that affect learning.
Strategies for Learning and Inclusion
Use structured teaching methods: Explain concepts clearly and repetitively.
Incorporate assistive technology: Screen readers, specialized software, audiobooks.
Apply multisensory teaching: Use images, sounds, and movement to reinforce learning.
Promote autonomy: Teach practical life skills.
Challenges in Inclusive Education
Lack of teacher training: Educators need specialized knowledge in inclusive strategies.
Inadequate infrastructure: Schools lack ramps, accessible materials, or technological support.
Prejudice and stigma: Social integration remains a challenge for many students.
Aarón Andrés Garza Treviño #1908915