Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
The Russian Economy was transformed between 1917-1941, do you agree?,…
The Russian Economy was transformed between 1917-1941, do you agree?
Stalin
Great Turn favoured rapid instrialisation, major acceleration of prev policy.
FYPs were huge chnage in Russian economy due to their aggressive nature forcing managers and workers to devote maximum effort
First FYP did achieve some outstanding results, electricity trebled and iron output doubled. Magnitogorsk and other large industrial cities were built.
Second FYP saw some important projects, Dneiprostroi Dam (largest Hydroelectric power producer in Europe) and Volga Canal in 1937. Electrical prod grew and new metals such as copper, tin and zinc mined for first time. SU practically self sufficient in machine tools by 1937. Steel output trebled.
State became only employer, making economy more socialist.
Every business was nationalised, removing nay chance of emergence of economic middle class.
Working week ^ to 6 days, working hours ^ to 8 hours a day. Increase in output of goods transformed economy.
State and foreign investment in industry increased, providing boost to industrialisation and output
Collectivisation saw transformation as Kulaks targeted 15% peasant households destroyed and about 150,000 deported
Stalin wanted farming collectives, meaning that peasants would work together to work on state owned farms, having to meet targets. By March 1930, 58% of farms collectivised. This created hostility and just before harvest collected. Had to ease until 1931, when it was reintroduced.
By 1941, 100% collectivised.
Set up 2,500 MTS (machine tractor stations) in 1931 which would help ensure quotas were met.
Lenin
STATE CAPITALISM
Initially followed Tsarist policy of SC, however some concessions such as worker control and did introduce Veshenka, a central organisation to oversee and supervise economy. Lenin cont SC as he belived it would be too risky to move to socialist econ too quickly. Confirmed by workers exploiting system and giving themselves pay rises and destroying equipment.
WAR COMMUNISM
Featured aspects of Tsarist econ policy, eg grain req. Featured payment by state but soldiers often stole more than they should.
-
Strikes began and bread riots across Moscow and Petrograd. Rebellion in Tambov region, ultimately this led to Kronstadt rebellion 1921 and part splits
NEP
-
Arguably, NEP not successful, agriculture recovered quicker than industry. SCISSOR CRISIS Huge gains in grain brought down the price of grain but a lack of industrial goods resulted in high prices for goods.
Peasants held back their grain, gov then capped price of industrial goods
Stalin
-
First FYP targeted too high and failed in chem and consumer industries (house building and consumer goods neglected)/
Second FYP failures include failure of oil production, meet its target and there was no overall increase in consumer goods.
-
Collectivisation resulted in destruction of 25-30% of livestock which would not recover till 1953. Unrealistic quotas led to peasnts having to hand over all of food. Shows continuation of Tsarist grain req. Oct 1932 had some worst droughts leading to famines in Ukraine (HOLODOMOR). Led to criminal charges for stealing.
Stalin did allow a token capitalist gesture, allowing private plots were allowed to sell produce in a market. It it believed that 52% of veg, 70% of meat and 71% of milk was produced in its way.
Lenin
STATE CAPITALISM
SC allowed workers to own their own factories, not a feature of Tsarist economy
NEP
Set up to fix problems of WC. Compromise solution by Lenin, pragmatic to recover economy. Featured aspects of state control (heavy industry, banking, transport) but also allowed for private ownership of small businesses, also permitted private trade.
-
NEP led to higher wages for workers, ultimately led to scissor crisis.
By 1926, production levels of prosperous1913 were achieve
NEPMEN developed and thrived, Kulaks developed again.
WAR COMMUNISM
WC nationalised industry and banned priv businesses. eg Pulitov Iron Works and sugar and oil industries.
Worker's lost freedom, managers were employed by state. Nationalisation goes against Tsarist capitalism as it repressed emerging middle class.
-
-