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Glycolysis, Gluconeogenesis, and TCA Cycle - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Generates ATP and NADH
      - Produces pyruvate for further metabolism
      - Provides intermediates for biosynthesis
- - - - Hexokinase: Glucose → Glucose-6-phosphate (G6P) (traps glucose)
        
        Phosphoglucose Isomerase: G6P ↔ Fructose-6-phosphate (F6P)
        
        Phosphofructokinase (PFK): F6P → Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate (F16BP) (committed step)
  - - - GAPDH: Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate → 1,3-Bisphosphoglycerate (1,3-BPG) (+NADH)
        
        Phosphoglycerate Kinase: 1,3-BPG → 3-Phosphoglycerate (3PGA) (+ATP)
        
        Pyruvate Kinase: Phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) → Pyruvate (+ATP)
- - - - Maintains blood glucose levels (brain, RBCs depend on glucose)
      - Uses lactate (Cori cycle), amino acids, glycerol
  - - - Pyruvate → Oxaloacetate (OAA) (Enzyme: Pyruvate Carboxylase)
      - OAA → PEP (Enzyme: PEP Carboxykinase, PEPCK)
    - - Enzyme: Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (FBPase-1)
    - - Enzyme: Glucose-6-phosphatase (Only in liver/kidney)
- - - - E1 (Pyruvate Dehydrogenase) – Decarboxylates pyruvate
        
        E2 (Dihydrolipoyl Transacetylase) – Transfers acetyl group to CoA
        
        E3 (Dihydrolipoyl Dehydrogenase) – Regenerates lipoamide
- - - - Acetyl-CoA + OAA → Citrate (Citrate Synthase)
      - Citrate ↔ Isocitrate (Aconitase)
      - Isocitrate → α-Ketoglutarate + CO₂ + NADH (Isocitrate Dehydrogenase)
      - α-KG → Succinyl-CoA + CO₂ + NADH (α-KG Dehydrogenase)
      - Succinyl-CoA → Succinate + ATP/GTP (Substrate-level phosphorylation)
      - Succinate → Fumarate + FADH₂ (Succinate Dehydrogenase)
      - Fumarate → Malate (Fumarase)
      - Malate → OAA + NADH (Malate Dehydrogenase)