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Introduction to Linguistics - Coggle Diagram
Introduction to Linguistics
Developmental linguistics
Stages of Development
First Word (~1 year)
Single Words (~1 year - 1.5 years)
Simple Sentences (~1.5 years - 2.5 years)
Complex Sentences (~2.5 years and up)
Theory of Innatism (Chomsky)
│ ├── Innate linguistic faculty
│ │ ├── Determines language acquisition
│ │ ├── Similar to a biological "program"
Stimulus Poverty
│ │ ├── Children acquire more than they hear
│ │ ├── They do not receive explicit grammatical corrections
Psycholinguistics
Language Comprehension Model
│ ├── Phonological Processor
│ ├── Lexical Processor
│ ├── Syntactic Processor
Additional Factors in Comprehension
│ ├── World Knowledge
│ ├── Parallel vs. Serial Processing
Garden Path Sentences (Example of Comprehension Difficulty)
├── Semantic Processor
Linguistic competence vs. Language Performance
Linguistic
Components of Linguistic Knowledge
Linguistic Competence → Mental Grammar
Linguistic Performance → Actual use of language (Production and comprehension)
Noam Chomsky
Defines knowledge of a language as a mentally represented grammar.
Grammar Structure
Phonological → Sound
Grammatical → Category and form (example: nouns, verbs)
Semantic → Meaning
Sociolinguistics
Studies the relationship between language and society
Factors that influence language use
Age, sex, social class
Ethnic origin
Relationship between speakers (e.g. teacher-student)
Context of interaction (e.g. at home, in church, on TV)
Areas of study
Social and regional dialects
Differences in speech according to social groups
Language change over time
Politeness and forms of communication
Politeness markers in conversations
Minimal responses (mmm, yeah, right)
Use of discourse markers (well, you know, actually)
Neurolingüística
Study methods
Analysis of patients with brain damage
Observation of language disorders (aphasias)
brain structure and language
Contains gray matter
Responsible for higher intellectual functions
Language disorders (aphasias)
Difficulty producing language
Damage to the frontal lobe