Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Lymphatic/Immune System : Izabella Gendorf P:5 - Coggle Diagram
Lymphatic/Immune System : Izabella Gendorf P:5
Lymphatic System:
Fluid circulation: returns interstitial fluid to bloodstream
Waste removal: removes toxins, waste products
Immune function: activates immune response
Antigens and Antibodies
Antigens:
Foreign substances: proteins, carbohydrates, nucleic acids
Trigger immune response: stimulate immune cell activation
Antibodies:
Proteins: produced by B-lymphocytes
Bind to antigens: neutralize or remove pathogens
Lines of Defense
First Line:
Skin: physical barrier against pathogens
Mucous membranes: traps pathogens, prevents entry
Second Line:
Inflammation: increases blood flow, brings immune cells to site
Phagocytosis: immune cells engulf, digest pathogens
Third Line:
Adaptive immune response: specific, targeted response to pathogens
Humoral and Cellular Response
Humoral Response:
Antibody-mediated immunity: B-lymphocytes produce antibodies
Antibodies: bind to pathogens, neutralize or remove
Cellular Response:
Cell-mediated immunity: T-lymphocytes directly attack pathogens
Cytotoxic T-cells: kill infected cells or produce chemical signals
Artificial vs. Natural Immunity
Artificial Immunity:
Vaccination: introduces antigens to stimulate immune response
Immunization: provides immunity through vaccination or immunoglobulin
Natural Immunity:
Exposure to pathogens: develops immunity after infection
Recovery: immune system remembers specific pathogens
Passive vs. Active Immunity
Passive Immunity:
Temporary: provides immediate protection
Acquired through external sources: immunoglobulin, breast milk
Active Immunity:
Long-term: provides lasting protection
Acquired through immune response: develops after exposure to pathogens
Immune Cells and Functions
T-lymphocytes:
Cell-mediated immunity: directly attack pathogens
Helper T-cells: assist B-lymphocytes, activate immune response
B-lymphocytes:
Antibody-mediated immunity: produce antibodies
Plasma cells: produce large amounts of antibodies
Macrophages:
Phagocytosis: engulf, digest pathogens
Antigen presentation: present antigens to T-lymphocytes
Immune System:
Defense against pathogens: bacteria, viruses, fungi
Disease prevention: prevents infection, disease
Lymphatic Organs and Functions
Spleen:
Filters blood: removes old, damaged RBCs
Stores lymphocytes: stores immune cells for future use
Lymph Nodes:
Filters lymph: removes pathogens, debris
Activates immune response: triggers immune cell activation
Thymus:
Matures T-lymphocytes: develops immune cells
Produces thymosin: hormone that stimulates immune cell development
Tonsils:
Traps pathogens: catches bacteria, viruses in mucous membranes
Activates immune response: triggers immune cell activation
Innate and Adaptive Immunity
Innate Immunity:
Natural barriers: skin, mucous membranes
Cells: neutrophils, macrophages, dendritic cells
Proteins: complement system, interferons
Adaptive Immunity:
Specific: targeted response to specific pathogens
Acquired: develops after exposure to pathogens
Immune Disorders
Autoimmune diseases:
Rheumatoid arthritis: immune system attacks joints
Lupus: immune system attacks various tissues
Immunodeficiency diseases:
HIV/AIDS: virus attacks, weakens immune system
SCID: genetic disorder, severely impaired immune system