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Argentina Sebastian Quijano & Juan Pablo Ochoa, descarga (1) - Coggle…
Argentina
Sebastian Quijano & Juan Pablo Ochoa
Key Economic Policies
Neoliberal reforms (1990s):
Carlos Menem, free-market policies, privatization, Convertibility Plan, peso-dollar peg.
Debt accumulation:
IMF loans, international markets, unsustainable debt, borrowing.
2001 economic crisis:
Fixed exchange rate collapse, sovereign default, $100 billion debt.
Post-crisis recovery (2003-2015):
Kirchner administrations, social programs, nationalization, debt restructuring.
Recent economic policies (2015-present):
Mauricio Macri, IMF assistance, austerity measures, Alberto Fernández, price controls, social spending, Javier Milei, radical free-market policies.
Social & Political Consequences
Social movements, protests, IMF, austerity, 2001 crisis.
Populism vs neoliberalism, state intervention, free-market oscillation.
Political instability, economic crises, leadership changes.
Currency crises, chronic inflation, instability, weakened purchasing power.
Impact of Globalization on Argentina
1990s neoliberal reforms: privatization, trade liberalization, foreign investment.
IMF debt crises (2001, 2018) led to economic collapse and austerity measures.
MERCOSUR boosted trade but harmed local industries due to import reliance.
Agricultural boom (soy exports to China) increased dependence on commodities.
Deindustrialization due to competition with cheaper imports.
Persistent inflation and currency devaluation.
Increased inequality; job losses in manufacturing.
High inflation and economic crises eroded wages.
Brain drain as skilled workers migrated for better opportunities.
Frequent political shifts between neoliberal and interventionist policies.
Protests and strikes against austerity and IMF conditions.
Economic growth occurred, but instability and inequality remain major challenges.
Economic Successes & Failures
Successes:
Trade Expansion: Pacific Alliance, MERCOSUR, and NAFTA/USMCA boosted exports.
Foreign Investment: Growth in oil, mining, and manufacturing (Colombia, Brazil).
Poverty Reduction: Social programs like Bolsa Família (Brazil) and Oportunidades (Mexico).
Infrastructure & Tech Growth: Better connectivity and increased digitalization.
Failures:
Debt Crises: Argentina (2001, 2018) and Venezuela’s economic collapse.
Trade Inequality: Mexico’s small farmers suffered under NAFTA.
Social Inequality & Labor Exploitation: Wealth gap widened; poor working conditions in factories.
Environmental Damage: Deforestation (Amazon) and mining conflicts (Chile, Colombia, Bolivia).
Consequences for Colombia and Latin America:
Economic growth, trade expansion, Pacific Alliance, Asia trade, MERCOSUR, CAN, bureaucracy.
Dependency, foreign markets, raw material exports, oil, minerals, agriculture.
External crises, China slowdown, U.S. interest rates, economic effects.
Political, social challenges, protests, labor exploitation, inequality.
Trade liberalization, weakened domestic industries.
Economic diversification struggles, globalization, commodity exports, Colombia, industrialization, oil, coffee.
Conclusions on globalization & economic thought:
Neoliberalism (1980s-present), free trade, privatization, deregulation, foreign investment, economic instability.
Post-neoliberalism (2000s-present), state-led models, mixed results, Bolivia, Venezuela.
Latin America's challenge, global integration, economic stability, inequality reduction.
