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Lymphatic System - Coggle Diagram

- - - - lymphatic tissue associated with arteries
    - - lymphatic tissue associated with veins
      - contains fibrous network filled with macrophages, red blood cells, and capillaries that connect to the veins
- - - - contraction of skeletal muscles which compresses lymphatic vessels and moves lymph along
        
        thoracic pressure causes lymph to move toward heart
    - - fluid moved to larger lymphatic vessels
        
        fluid passes through lymph nodes, where it is filtered and cleaned
        
        fluid enters one of the thoracic ducts (either the thoracic duct or right lymphatic duct)
        
        fluid returns to bloodstream through subclavian arteries
  - - - drains head and neck
    - - drains upper limbs, superficial thoracic wall, mammary glands
    - - drains deep thoracic organs and wall
    - - drains abdominal organs
    - - drains lower limbs, pelvic areas
  - - - drains right side of head, right upper limb, right thorax
    - - drains remainder of body
- - - - promote phagocytosis and inflammation
      - examples
        
        surface chemicals - iysozymes in tears and saliva
        
        interferons - viral defense and some forms of cancer
    - - become activated through complement cascade
        
        activated complement proteins can
        
        form membrane attack complex (MAC)
        
        opsonization - complement proteins attach to surface of bacterial cells
        
        chemotaxis - attract immune system cells to site of infection and promote inflammation
      - classical pathway
        
        part of adaptive immunity, requires antibodies bound to antigens
      - alternative pathway
        
        part of innate immunity, C3 binds with foreign substance, attracts macrophages
    - - chemotaxis
        
        movement toward source of chemotactic factors
      - phagocytosis
        
        endocytosis and destruction by phagocytes
    - - tissue injury regardless of type can cause inflammation
      - response initiated by chemical mediators that produce vasodilation, chemotactic attraction, and increased vascular permeability - fibrinogen and complement enter tissue - fibrinogen converted to fibrin - fibrin walls off infected area
      - local inflammation
        
        contained to specific area of body
        
        symptoms - redness, heat, swelling, pain, loss of function
      - systemic inflammation
        
        in many parts of body
        
        symptoms - same as local but also increase in neutrophil numbers released by red bone marrow, fever due to production of pyrogens, in severe cases lots of plasma enters interstitial spaces leading to shock/death
    - - skin, mucous membranes, tears, saliva, urine, cilia in respiratory tract, coughing and sneezing
  - - - large molecules
      - foreign
        
        bacteria, viruses, microorganisms - cause disease
        
        not produced by body, introduced from outside
        
        pollen, animal dander, food, drugs - cause reaction of immune system/ allergic reaction
      - self-antigens
        
        produced by body
        
        response to self tumor antigens
        
        response to self-antigens resulting in tissue destruction - auto immune dieases
    - - antibody-mediated
        
        B cells
      - cell-mediated
        
        T cells
        
        cytotoxic T cells - destroy infected cells
        
        helper T cells and regulatory T cells
        
        promote or inhibit both antibody and cell mediated immunity
    - - lymphocytes must interact with an antigen for adaptive immunity response to happen
      - lymphocytes interact with antigenic determinants