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I+D thesis - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Response by Descartes in Second Replies: God ensures that when a C+D idea is remembered it is necessarily true, when an agent is immediately aware of it is necessarily true independent to God
  - - - Criticisms 1- Subjective premise passed as objective
      - Criticism 2- reliance on Cartesian Circle, Causal Adequacy Principle and TMA
      - Criticism 3- Rejecting an Infinite regression (note: this is more a Metaphysics of God criticism)- use Hume- expand with Mackie
        
        Response: Paradoxes of an actual infinity
  - - - Existence is not a Predicate for Kant as it does not provide an agent with any additional understanding as to what the concept is about
        
        Indeed if existence was a predicate this would incur a paradox as something to have the absence of the property of existence would need to continue to exist (thus existing and not existing simultaneously)
      - One can reject the necessary existence of God without incurring a logical contradiction:
        
        Kant noted that since existence could not be contained in the concept of something, each concept/statement about it must have the precondition that it exists:
        
        Hence Kant claims that instead of God exists necessarily the proposition should operate as: "If God exists, God exists necessarily" from which the precondition can be rejected without rejecting the second tautological statement, which would have incurred a logical contradiction
      - For Kant 'God exists' cannot be an analytic statement given that it is existential in nature therefore synthetic.
  - - - Criticism 1: Descartes distinction between imagination and understanding appears to be fiction- what does it mean to be "more onerous?!"
      - Criticism 2: Descartes definition of Imagination is flawed given that is not a 'physical faculty' so dependent on the body:
        
        Agents cannot will what they image to appear and manifest in reality
        
        Agents can only describe what they perceive in 2nd hand language, another agent cannot be directly aware of it
        
        A flawed definition means this part of argument cannot hold as Valid and Sound
    - - Criticism 1: Descartes has ignored dreams as these are a kind of involuntary images but Descartes is the cause!
      - Criticism 2: The existence of God, and thus Descartes' reliance upon it, can also be rejected as per previous arguments