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Dithuto tša polelo bakeng sa FAL, Iceberg Theory by Jim Cummins - Coggle…
Dithuto tša polelo bakeng sa FAL
Basic Interpersonal Communicative Skills (BICS)
:
-Mabokgoni a Motheo a Poledišano ya Magareng ga Batho (BICS):
-Ye ke polelo yeo e šomišwago dipoledišanong tša letšatši le letšatši.
-E akaretša bokgoni bja go kwešiša le go šomiša tlotlontšu ya motheo le popopolelo.
-BICS e ithutwa ka pela, ka tlwaelo mo mengwageng ye 1-2.
-Mohlala: Moithuti a ka kwešiša le go botšiša dipotšišo tša go swana le "O bjang?" goba "Ntlwana ya go hlapela e kae?"
Cognitive Academic Language Proficiency (CALP)
:
-CALP e akaretša polelo yeo e šomišwago mešomong ye e raraganego kudu ya thuto.
-E akaretša tlotlontšu ya thuto, bokgoni bja go kwešiša dikgopolo tše di sa kwagalego le tšhomišo ya popopolelo ya semmušo.
-CALP e tšea nako ye telele go hlabolla, ka tlwaelo mengwaga ye 5-7, ka ge e akaretša go kwešiša diteng le go tšweletša dikgopolo ka go ngwala goba dipoledišano tša semmušo.
-Mohlala: Go kwešiša puku ya histori, go ngwala ditaodišo, go ahlaahla dikgopolo tše di raraganego tša mahlale.
-Cummins o gateletše gore baithuti ba polelo ba ka kwagala ba thelela dipoledišanong tša leago (BICS) eupša ba sa katana maemong a thuto (CALP) ka gobane CALP e nyaka mabokgoni a go tsenelela a temogo.
Chomsky’s Universal Grammar Theory
Teori ya Thutapolelo ya Bokahohle ya Chomsky
Language Acquisition Device (LAD):
Chomsky o šišinya gore bana ba belegwe ba e-na le mokgwa wa tlhago wa thutaphedi, e lego LAD, wo o ba dumelelago go hwetša polelo ntle le maiteko.
Mohlala: Masea a kgona go hwetša polelo ya ona ya mathomo mo mengwageng ye mmalwa, ntle le thuto ye e lego pepeneneng, ka ge bjoko bja ona bo tsentšwe ka thata go dira bjalo.
Universal Grammar
:
Kgopolo ya Chomsky’s e šišinya gore maleme ka moka a batho a abelana dibopego tše di swanago, tšeo a di biditšego Universal grammar. Dikarolo tše di bopa motheo wa maleme ka moka.
Mohlala: Le ge e le gore maleme a ka kwagala a fapane kudu (mohlala, Seisemane vs. Setšhaena), ka moka ga ona a na le maina, madiri, le mahlaodi, gomme dipolelo di rulagantšwe ka go swana go ralala le maleme.
Poverty of the Stimulus
:
Kgopolo ye e šupa kgopolo ya gore gantši bana ga ba pepentšhwe go tsenyo ya polelo ye e lekanego go ithuta melao ka moka ye e raraganego ya popopolelo, le ge go le bjalo ba sa kgona go hwetša polelo ka thelelo. Se ke bohlatse bja go ba gona ga lefapha la polelo la tlhago.
Mohlala: Bana ba ka tšweletša dipolelo tše di raraganego tšeo ba sa kago ba di kwa pele, go swana le “Ga ke kgone go hwetša dinotlelo tša ka, eupša le nna ga ke di hwetše,” yeo e laetšago gore ba tšweletša polelo yeo e theilwego godimo ga melao yeo e tsentšwego ka gare.
Vygotsky’s Socio-Cultural Theory
Teori ya Vygotsky’s ya Setšo sa Leago
Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD):
Vygotsky o tsebagaditše ZPD, yeo e lego phapano magareng ga seo moithuti a ka se dirago ka go ikemela le seo a ka se dirago ka thušo go tšwa go motho yo a nago le tsebo ye ntši.
Mohlala: Ge moithuti a kgona go rarolla mathata a dipalo ka go ikemela eupša a katana le mathata a mantšu, morutiši a ka sefala thekgo ka go thuša moithuti go kwešiša gore a ka a rarolla bjang.
Scaffolding:
Scaffolding ke thekgo yeo e fiwago ke morutiši, thaka, goba motho yo mongwe yo a nago le tsebo go thuša moithuti go dira mešomo yeo a sa kgonego go e dira a nnoši. Ge nako e dutše e eya, thekgo e tlošwa ganyenyane-ganyenyane ge moithuti a hwetša boipušo.
Mohlala: Morutiši mathomong a ka fa ditaelo tša kgato ka kgato tša go rarolla bothata bja dipalo gomme ka morago a letela gore moithuti a rarolle mathata a go swana ka go ikemela.
Vygotsky o be a dumela gore tlhabollo ya temogo, go akaretšwa go hwetša polelo, e kgokagane kudu le tirišano ya leago le setšo. Tlhabollo ya polelo e direga gabotse ge baithuti ba dirišana le batho bao ba nago le tsebo ye ntši.
Constructivist Theory (Jean Piaget)
Go ithuta polelo go kgokagantšwe le tlhabollo ya temogo.
Stages of Cognitive Development:
Sensorimotor (0-2 ya mengwaga)
*Go ithuta ka dikwi le ditiro.
Mohlala: Lesea le re “mama” ka go ekiša medumo.
Preoperational (2-7 ya mengwaga):
Go nagana ka seswantšhetšo go a tšwelela (mohlala, go šomiša mantšu bakeng sa dilo).
Polelo e katološwa ka lebelo.
Concrete Operational Stage (7-11 years):
Go nagana ka tsela ye e kwagalago go a gola, go dumelela tšhomišo ya polelo ye e raraganego kudu.
Mohlala: Go kwešiša nako ye e fetilego le ya ka moso.
Formal Operational Stage (11+ years):
Go nagana ka go se hlalošege le mabokgoni a polelo a maemo a godimo a a gola.
Polelo ya Egocentric
: .
Ngwana oa e ipoledisa go ba le kwesiso ya dilo.
Thuto ya Maitemogelo: .
Tšhomišano le tikologo le go tšea karolo ka mafolofolo go godiša go ithuta.
Application in Teaching:
Ditiro tša go hlama tšeo di sepelelanago le kgato ya tlhabollo ya temogo ya baithuti.
Ngwana o Šomiša mekgwa ya go ithuta ya diatla, ya tirišano.
Iceberg Theory by Jim Cummins