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MAJOR WORLD RELIGIONS - Coggle Diagram

- - - - GOD: Jesus Christ, The Holy Trinity
        
        HISTORY:
        
        4TH CENTURY*: Became the Roman Empire’s official religion
        
        1054 (GREAT SCHISM): Division into Roman Catholicism and Eastern Orthodoxy.
        
        1517 (PROTESTANT REFORMATION) : The Protestantism emerged because of Martin Luther’s theses
        
        1ST CENTURY: (JUDEA): The ressurection of Jesus Christ.
        
        GLOBAL SPREAD: Grew during the European colonization; currently has over 2 billion adherents.
        
        SACRED TEXT, OBJECTS, PLACES:
        
        BIBLE (Old and New Testament)
        
        CROSS: (Symbol of Christ’s triumph)
        
        HOLY WATER (For cleansing, baptism, and protection)
        
        ROSARY (For prayer and meditation)
        
        CHURCHES AND CATHEDRALS (Place of
        Worship)
        
        Important Personnel: PRIEST
        
        CORE TEACHINGS:
        
        THE SEVEN SACRAMENTS: Baptism, Confirmation, the Eucharist, Reconciliation, the Anointing of the Sick, Holy Orders and Matrimony.
        
        THE TEN COMMANDMENTS: The covenant. Religous and ethical directives.
        
        APOSTLES’ CREED: Summary of fundational christian beliefs.
        
        STORY OF CREATION: Genesis narrative of God creating the universe in six days and resting on the seventh.
        
        EIGHT BEATITUDES: The foundations for a life of authentic Christian discipleship and the attainment of ultimate happiness.
        
        CURRENT ISSUES:
        
        RELIGIOUS PLURALISM
        
        INVOLVEMENT IN POLITICS
        
        SECULARIZATION
        
        SOCIAL ISSUES: SEXUALITY ISSUES
        
        RELIGIOUS EXTREMISM
  - - - 7TH CENTURY: Islam originated in Mecca.
      - 610 CE: Prophet Muhammad received his first revelation from Allah through the Angel
        Gabriel
      - 622 CE: Muhammad and his followers freely practice and establish their first Islamic state at Medina
      - 624-689 CE: Major battles fought by Muslims
      - AFTER MUHAMMAD’S DEATH: Islam spread all over the world by Islamic empires
    - - QU’RAN (the most scared text for the Islamic
        reidious tradition, belleved to be a revelator directive from Allah.)
      - HADITH (record of traditions or stories about the Prophet Muhammad)
      - MOSQUE (place of worship of muslims)
      - MECCA (Muhammad's birthplace, the heart of Islam)
      - MEDINA Prophet Muhammad and his disciples' final destination after escaping Mecca
    - - FIVE PILLARS OF ISLAM
        
        SHAHADA (Faith)
        
        Belief in one God and that Muhammad is His messenger.
        
        SALAH/SALAT (Prayer)
        
        Attend a mosque for the five daily prayers of Fajr, Dhuhr, Asr, Maghrib, and Isha.
        
        ZAKAH/ZAKAT (Charity)
        
        "Alms Giving", a form of tax to help the poor,
        free neonle of dent and thr needv.
        
        SAWM (Fasting)
        
        During the month of Ramadan, Muslims fast from dawn to sunset, serving as a period of intense spiritual devotion.
        
        HAJJ (Pilgrimage)
        
        Muslims who are physically and financially able are required to perform the pilgrimage to Mecca at least once.
    - - TERRORISM
      - MILITANCY
      - GENDER INEQUALITY
      - THE HOLY WAR (Jihad)
  - - - ABRAHAM (2000 BCE)
      - MOSES (1391-1271 BCE)
    - - Jehovah (Latin of Yahweh)
      - HaShem (The Name)
      - YWYH
    - - 2000-1500 BCE (EARLY PATRIACHS): Abraham made a commitment to God. pledging obedience and faith in return for lands and blessings for his children.
      - 13TH CENTURY: Moses received the Torah and the Ten Commandments from God.
      - THE BABYLONIAN EXILE: Marked the beginning of the Jewish Diaspora.
      - 586 BCE & 70 CE: The first and second temples were destroyed.
      - 20TH CENTURY (THE HOLOCAUST)
    - - SALMUD: Compilation of rabbinic discussions and interpretations of the Torah.
      - SYNAGOGUE: Primary place of worship, study, and community gatherings. Also for reading Torah and prayers.
        
        Important Personnel: RABBIS
      - TANAKH:
        
        Nevi'im (Prophets)
        
        Former Prophets (Narrative books of Joshua
        through Kings)
        
        Latter Prophets (Contains prophecies in the form of biblical poetry)
        
        Torah (Law)
        
        The Five Books of Moses: Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, Deuteronomy
        
        10 Commandments (Mitzvot)
        
        Ketuvim (Writings) Consists of religious poetry and wisdom literature (Psalms, Proverbs, and Job)
    - - Mitzvot (Commandments): Govern all aspects of life.
      - The Torah: Contains laws and teachings.
      - Messianism: Hope for the arrival of the Messiah.
      - Monotheism: Following God's will and acting ethically.
      - Shabbat (Day of rest from Friday to Saturday): Serves as a spiritual reflection.
    - - Rising Antisemitism
      - Assimilation and Identity
      - Internal Divisions
      - Political Changes in Israel
- - - - 33 Million Gods and Goddesses
        
        Vishnu - preserver of Cosmos:
        
        Shiva - destroyer, represented as a dancing figure
        
        Brahman - symbolized by fire and fhe soun
        "aum"
    - - 3300-1300 BCE (Indus Valley Civilization): Roots of the religion. Originated in the Indian subcontinent.
      - Spanning over 4,000 years
      - Evolved organically from ancient cultural, social, and spiritual traditions
    - - Vedas (oldest texts of Hinduism, teaches the origin of and reason of existence)
      - Upanishads ("seating near a teacher", explicates Hindu cosmology and the place of humanity in the plan of Brahman)
      - Bhagavad-Gita ("song of the blessed one", praises the benefits of yoga and living according to one's duty or dharma
      - Mandir (temples)
        
        Important Personnel: PRIESTS
      - Murti (home of the deity's image)
      - Shikara (inner shrine where the Murti's place is inside of)
    - - Samsara: Cycle of life, death, and rebirth, or the reincarnation
      - Dharma (Duty): "order and custom" that sustains life; "virtue", or "religious and moral duties".
      - Karma (Pleasure): Actions that have consequences.
      - Artha (Wealth): Pursuit of wealth or material prosperity.
      - Moksha (Liberation): Refers to the freedom and the cycle of death and rebirth.
    - - Advancement of the world
      - Lack of resources
      - Practices and traditions are forced to change to fit in with the new social context
      - Industrialization and mass education
      - Social Justice
  - - - 3RD CENTURY BCE: Focuses on buddha's original teachings. (Thervada Buddhism: oldest form)
      - 1ST CENTURY CE: Focuses on the Bodhisattva ideal-seeking enlightenment for the benefit of all beings. (Mahayana Buddhism)
      - 7TH CENTURY CE: Focuses on esoteric practices, rituals, and meditation techniques often guided by a spiritual teacher, Lama (Vajrayna Buddhism)
      - 19TH TO 20TH CENTURY: Moden Buddhism's revival in Asia due to the interest of the West
    - - Tripitaka (Contains the Dharma or teachings of the Buddha as well as rules for monks and nuns.)*
        
        Abhidhamma Basket
        
        Vinaya Basket
        
        Sutta (Sutras) Basket
      - Temple or Monastery
        
        Important Personnel: MONKS AND DALAI LAMA
      - Lumbini Grove/Garden (Nepal) Buddha's
        birthplace
    - - The Four Noble Truths
        
        The Truth of Suffering
        
        The Truth of the Cause of Suffering
        
        The Truth of the End of Suffering
        
        The Truth of the Path leading to the End of
        Suffering
      - The Noble Eightfold Path: Path to liberation from samsara.
    - - Secularization and declining religious engagement
      - Engage Activism
      - Gender Inequality
      - Political and Social Conflicts
- - - - Pre-historic China: Taoism was created
      - Over time: Taoism changed to adapt to the times, altering and redefining its beliefs and practices.
    - - Tao Teh Ching or Dao De Ching (The way and Its Power; a collection of 81 prose poems by Lao zi)
      - Taoist Temples or Gong (holy hall where Taoists perform their religious ceremonies)
    - - DAO (The Way): The universe is surrounded by an eternal, formless, and all-encompassing life force that is present without being seen, heard, or touched.
      - WU WEI (Effortless Action): A principle for cultivating the mind.
      - QING JING (Tranquility): A fundamental Taoist belief; refers to a calm mind free of worries
    - - RAPID SOCIETAL CHANGES
      - ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION
  - - - KAMI
      - IZANAMI
      - AMATERASU
      - SUNANO-O
      - TSUKI-YOMI
    - - Shinto (a traditional Japanese religious practice): Shrine Shinto,
        Sect Shintö, and Folk Shintö
      - PRE-1900s: Yayoi culture is linked to Shinto.
      - 4TH CENTURY CE: An Imperial Household became the head of the new nation.
    - - KOJIKI: Records of Ancient Affairs
      - NIHONGJI: Chronicles of Japan
      - TORII: mark the transition from the normal everyday world to the sacred
      - SHRINES: place of worship for the kami
    - - POLYTHEISM: Multiple kamis found in seas, mountains, and great men.
      - Spirits called Kami inhabit the natural world (nature and objects)
    - - No moral absolutes
      - Good is the default condition
      - Things which are usually regarded as bad in
        Shinto
        
        Things which disturb kami
        
        Things which disturb the worship of kami
        
        Things which disrupt the harmony of the world
        
        Things which disrupt the social order
        
        Things which disrupt the group of which one is a member
  - - - Confucius (551-479 BCE)
      - Mencius (372-289 BCE)
    - - Xunzi (Minister Xun)
    - - 475-221 BCE (Warring States Period): Confucius aimed to provide a moral framework to combat sociopolitical anomalies by teaching ethical governance, education, and family values.
      - 1271-1368 (Yuan Mongol Dynasty): Koreans who came back from the capital of Yuan brought Neo-Confucianism to Korea
      - Han Dynasty: Wani, a Korean scholar sent to the Japanese islands, introduced Confucianism.
      - Chinese Domination in Vietnam: When Confucianism was brought to Vietnam, the country's matriarchal system gave way to a patriarchal one.
    - - No sacred places
      - Four Books of Confucianism
        
        The Great Learning
        
        Mencius
        
        The Doctrine of the Mean
        
        Analects
    - - Li (Ritual Propriety)
      - Ren (Humanity)
      - Xiao (Filial Piety)
      - De (Virtue)
      - Junzi or Zhunzi (Superior Person)
    - - Gender Inequality
      - Globalization and Cultural Identity
      - Educational Integration
      - Political and Social Relevance