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ISLAM: THEME 2 (YR2)/ THEME 3 (YR1) - RELIGIOUS LIFE - Coggle Diagram
ISLAM: THEME 2 (YR2)/ THEME 3 (YR1) - RELIGIOUS LIFE
SALAH & OTHER FORMS OF PRAYER
SURAHS ON PRAYER
[2: 153] "O you who have believed, seek help through patience and prayer. Indeed, Allah is with the patient."
[70: 34 -35] "And those who [carefully] maintain their prayer: They will be in gardens, honoured."
[40: 55] "So be patient, [O Muhammad]. Indeed, the promise of Allah is truth. And ask for forgiveness for your sin and exalt [Allah] with..." *complete
DU'A
asking Allah (SWT) for help - act of supplication, a form of devotion, cry of the heart
du'a to be made during prayer
du'a should be made whenever we think of making it, as we don't know when it would be accepted
a personal form of prayer
[40: 60] "And your Lord says, "Call upon me; I will respond to you." Indeed, those who disdain My worship will enter Hell [rendered] contemptible."
[1: 6 - 7] "Guide us to the straight path - the path of those upon whom You have bestowed favour, not of those who have evoked [Your] anger or of those who are astray."
NAFILA
optional prayers
done in twos and as many times as desired (when allowed to be done)
obligatory prayers cannot be sacrificed for nafl
"Allah will build a house in Paradise for a person who performs twelve rakahs of prayers other than obligatory prayers during the day and night." (Prophet Muhammad)
TAHAJJUD
prayed during the last third of the night
Allah Himself listen to prayers of tahajjud
every night, Allah (SWT) descends to the lowest heavens and calls out
TASBIH
beads used for dhikr, but better to use fingers as they can testify on judgement day
[40: 55] "Sing the praise of your Lord in the evening and the morning."
practice originates from Fatima (RA), Muhammad (SAW)'s daughter
allows constant state of awareness
WIRD
private prayer - specific to sufi muslims
often part of daily routine/ devotional practice
emphasis on Qur'an verses + remembering Allah (SWT)
ritual recitation of Qur'an
[2: 152] "Remember Me, and I will remember you."
JUMMAH PRAYERS
Prophet Muhammad (SAW) put forward the idea to unit the ummah
once prayer is done, imaam gives sermon to remind muslims of their beliefs
on fridays during dhuhr (compulsory for men, optional for women
men should leave work/ close businesses to attend
NIYAT
intention; can bring reward, regardless of circumstance
muslims make niyat for all sorts - salah, hajj, fasting (can be done internally
prepares muslims mentally + physically
PRAYER TIMES
done through regular intervals in the day to remember Allah (SWT)
Muhammad (SAW) said praying 5x a day is like cleansing yourself 5x a day
on laylatul mi'raj, Muhammad (SAW) was taken to masjid al-aqsa, negotiated w/ Ibrahim (AS) + Musa (AS) to reduce it down to 5x (from 50)
CATEGORIES OF ACTION
SHARI'A
FIVE CATEGORIES
FARDH
actions necessary to comply with
involves five pillars as well as kifayah (community obligations), personal hygiene, no debt
MUSTAHAB
noble actions
incl. male circumcision, extra prayers, visiting loved ones, etc.
HALAL
neutral actions
incl. anything not in any other categories, freedom of choice + preference
MAKRUH
bad action; not forbidden
like divorce, abortion, sleeping late in the morning, eating seafood that can survive out of water etc.
HARAM
completely forbidden actions
incl. drinking alcohol, eating pork, killing innocents, adultery, homosexuality, shirk, euthanasia
ZAKAH & HAJJ
SADAQAH
brings spiritual benefit + merit when practiced regularly
excess of zakat given freely from one's heart; not part of religious duty
sadaqah jaariyah - ongoing charity
incl. building homes, schools, hospitals
ZAKAH
an act that 'purifies', so is defined as 'giving for the sake of purification (based on [9: 103])
fourth pillar of islam
[3: 92] "You will never achieve righteousness until you give away that which you love."
esposito: requires an annual contribution of 2.5% of an individual's wealth + assets, not merely a percentage of annual income
alms for the poor + needy, poor relatives, those fighting for the cause of Allah (SWT)
HORRIE & CHIPPINDALE
: "zakat is not charity, but the rightful and legal claim of the poor against the rich"
RIBA
- interest; rich get richer, poor get poorer (uneven distribution of wealth), increasing inequality
IMPACT ON THE UMMAH
refer to pg19 in the booklet
KHUMS
originating from war booty at Muhammad (SAW)'s time, where 20% went to him and his family. now an important part of shi'a beliefs, calculated after basic needs are met
HAJJ
esposito: at least once in his or her lifetime, every adult muslim who is physically and financially able is required to... becoming a pilgrim at God's service
UNITING THE UMMAH
unity in belief through remembrance of Ibrahim (AS)'s sacrifice
everyone wears ihram; a symbol of purity but also conveys equality due to simplicity
on eid-ul-adha, the ummah is appreciated through splitting the sacrifice meat into thirds for family, friends + the poor
eid-ul-adha is celebrated by muslims worldwide