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electricity & electric current - Coggle Diagram
electricity & electric current
electric charge
proprty of charge
Properties of Charge:
Additivity of Charge
Charge is Conserved
Charge is Invariant
Quantization of Charge (Q = n × e)
e = 1.6 × 10^-19 C
SI Unit: Coulomb (C)
ohm's law
Statement: V = IR (Voltage is directly proportional to current when temperature is constant).
SI Unit of Resistance: Ohm (Ω)
Graph Representation: A straight-line graph between Voltage (V) and Current (I).
Example: Finding resistance when voltage and current are given.
electric current
Definition: Rate of flow of electric charge.
Formula: I = Q / t
SI Unit: Ampere (A)
Definition of 1 Ampere: When 1 Coulomb of charge flows in 1 second.
Direction of Current Flow: Conventional (Positive to Negative), Electron Flow (Negative to Positive).
Example Problem: Finding charge passing through a wire in a given time.
potential difference
Definition: Work done to move a unit charge between two points.
Formula: V = W / Q
SI Unit: Volt (V)
Definition of 1 Volt: When 1 Joule of work is done to move 1 Coulomb of charge.
Example: Calculating work done in moving charge across a circuit.
resistance
Definition: Property of a conductor to resist the flow of current.
Factors Affecting Resistance:
Length (R ∝ L)
Cross-sectional area (R ∝ 1/A)
Material of the conductor
Temperature
electrical component & circuit digram
Battery:
Switch:
Resistor:
Ammeter: Measures current (connected in series).
Voltmeter: Measures potential difference (connected in parallel)
cell
Numerical Problems & Tricks
I = Q/T
V = W/Q
V = IR
R = ρ*L/A
Resistance in Series
Req=R1+R2+R3+…
Resistance in Parallel
1/Req=1/R1+1/R2+1/R3+…
electric power (P)
P = V²/R
P = I²R
P = VI
W = PT
H = I²Rt
p = v²/r