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Control of microbes - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Inhibit Cell Wall Synthesis (Targets peptidoglycan)- Example: Penicillins, Cephalosporins, Vancomycin
      - Inhibit Protein Synthesis (Targets bacterial ribosomes)- Example: Tetracyclines, Macrolides (Erythromycin), Aminoglycosides (Streptomycin)
      - Disrupt Membranes (Lipid dissolution)- Example: Polymyxins (Gram-negative bacteria)
      - Inhibit DNA or RNA Synthesis- Example: Fluoroquinolones (Ciprofloxacin), Rifampin
      - Inhibit Bacterial Metabolism- Example: Sulfonamides (Folic acid synthesis inhibitor)
    - - Broad-spectrum antibiotics: Kill many different bacterial groups (Gram-positive & Gram-negative)
        Narrow-spectrum antibiotics: Target specific bacteria (e.g., Mycobacterium)
    - - Synergistic Effect: Two antibiotics enhance each other (e.g., Beta-lactam + Aminoglycoside)
        Antagonistic Effect: One antibiotic negates the other (e.g., Bactericidal + Bacteriostatic)
  - - - Prevent Viral Entry- Example: Fusion inhibitors (HIV drugs)
      - Inhibit Viral Uncoating- Example: Amantadine (Influenza)
      - Block Viral Genome Replication- Example: Acyclovir (Herpes), Remdesivir (COVID-19)
      - Prevent Viral Assembly & Release- Example: Protease inhibitors (HIV), Neuraminidase inhibitors (Tamiflu)
      - Interferon Therapy- Stimulates antiviral immune response
    - - High host toxicity
      - Ineffectiveness against latent viruses
      - Resistance develops quickly
  - - - Disrupt Fungal Membrane (Target Ergosterol)- Example: Azoles (Fluconazole), Polyenes (Amphotericin B)
      - Inhibit Fungal Cell Wall Synthesis- Example: Echinocandins (Caspofungin)
      - Inhibit Fungal DNA/RNA Synthesis- Example: Flucytosine