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7.3 Mitigation and Adaptation - Coggle Diagram
7.3 Mitigation and Adaptation
Mitigation
the reduction and/or stabilization of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and their removal from the atmosphere.
mitigation strategies to reduce GHGs
Reduction of energy consumption
Using energy-efficient appliances, improving insulation, and promoting public transport.
Reduction of oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and methane (CH4) from agriculture
Better manure management, reducing livestock emissions, improving fertilizer use.
Use of alternatives to fossil fuels
Solar, wind, hydropower, biofuels, nuclear energy.
Geo-engineering
Reflecting sunlight: Using mirrors in space or increasing Earth's albedo with bright surfaces.
Carbon sinks: Fertilizing oceans to promote algae growth
mitigation strategies for carbon dioxide removal (CDR)
Protecting and enhancing carbon sinks
Reforestation, sustainable land management, preventing deforestation (UN-REDD program).
Using biomass as a fuel source
Adding nutrients (iron, nitrogen) to promote plankton growth, which absorbs CO₂.
Carbon capture and storage (CCS)
Capturing CO₂ emissions and storing them underground.
Enhancing CO₂ absorption by oceans
Wood, crop waste, and other organic materials burned for energy.
past emissions of GHGs will still impact climate for decades
GHGs like CO₂ remain in the atmosphere for a long time.
Even if emissions stop today, existing GHGs continue to trap heat.
Climate change effects (melting ice, ocean warming) take time to stabilize.
adaptation
adjusting human and natural systems to minimize climate change impacts
adaptation strategies
Flood defenses → Sea walls, improved drainage, managed retreat.
Vaccination programs → Preventing spread of diseases in warmer climates.
Desalinization plants → Converting seawater to drinking water in drought-prone areas
Planting crops in new climates → Developing drought-resistant crops
Adaptive capacity
a society's ability to adjust to climate impacts
Factors influencing adaptation:
inancial resources → MEDCs have better adaptation ability than LEDCs.
Technology → Advanced nations can develop climate-resilient infrastructure. (Slide 27)
international efforts on mitigation and adaptation
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) → Provides scientific assessments on climate change.
National Adaptation Programmes of Action (NAPAs) → Helps LEDCs develop adaptation strategies.
UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) → Global cooperation to reduce emissions.
Paris Agreement & Kyoto Protocol → International climate agreements
the effectiveness of international climate change talks
Successes:
Raised awareness of climate change.
Led to agreements like the Paris Agreement.
Challenges:
Countries have different priorities (economic vs. environmental concerns)
Enforcement is difficult—many nations fail to meet emission targets