Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH - Coggle Diagram
EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH
1.BEST WAY TO DO THE RESEARCH?
there is
no 1 best way
of conducting the research
deeply influenced by the researcher's own values and motivations, as well as broader social factors like politics
These forces shape what research is conducted, how it is carried out, and how findings are reported
context within which research is conducted can affect access to subjects, the approval process, and the ability to publish results
crucial for researchers to understand the perspectives of those involved and be aware of the political landscape, as failure to do so may result in lost cooperation or compromised data
6.WAYS TO APPROACH RESEARCH METHODS
by examining three levels
Research Families
Scientific method (quantitative)
aims to establish general laws or principles, viewing social reality as objective and external
Naturalistic method (qualitative)
focuses on subjective experiences
social reality is seen as a personal, individual construction, emphasizing case-specific understanding over generalization
Differences Between Qualitative and Quantitative Research
Qualitative
Focus on understanding behavior from the viewpoint of participants
Involves natural, uncontrolled observation and is subjective, emphasizing a close, insider perspective
Descriptive, and inductive, aiming to understand processes and provide rich, deep data from single case studies
Quantitative
Aim to uncover facts and causes of social phenomena through controlled, objective measurement
Researchers take an outsider perspective, focusing on verification, hypothesis testing, and deduction
The data is reliable, replicable, and generalizable, often using multiple case studies
Similarities Between Qualitative and Quantitative Research
Both methods can overlap in their purposes. Quantitative research can explore and generate theories, while qualitative research can test hypotheses and theories.
Qualitative research can include quantification (e.g., "more than," "less than," or specific numbers), while quantitative research can gather non-numeric qualitative data through open-ended questions.
Four Approaches
Action research
Case studies
Experiments
Surveys
Four Data Collection Techniques
Documents
Interviews
Observations
Questionnaires
5.Key questions to consider when thinking methodologically about research design:
main purpose
your role
quality of research
values in research
voice in reporting
methodological flexibility
audience
ethics
The advice for new researchers is to begin by familiarizing themselves with five key paradigms
4.PARADIGMS IN SOCIAL STUDIES
Post-positivism
• respond to the criticism about positivism
• same set of basic beliefs as positivism but objectivity is an ideal
• more qualitative techniques in order to check the validity of findings
Interpretive
• views interpretations of the social world as culturally derived and historically situated
• often linked to Weber, who distinguished between understanding and explaining.
Critical
• critique both positivism and interpretivism, focusing on challenging and transforming social realities
Postmodern
• rejects grand, overarching theories for understanding the social world
• does't promise rational progression toward a better world - only that social life will change
Positivism
• quantitative approaches that use statistics and experiments are seen as classic examples
• aim to offer explanation leading to control and predictability
• predominant way of knowing the social world
Paradigma
- a typical example or pattern of something; a pattern or model
3.METHODS AND METHODOLOGY
Different kinds of research approaches produce different kinds of knowledge about the topic that is studied
Key is to distinct methods and methodology
Important to understand the philosophical and methodological issues in small-scale research, particularly their impact on the type of knowledge produced
two main goals
To help researchers grasp the underlying philosophical issues that influence their work
To point out key considerations for researchers when designing their studies.
2.HOW TO REACH OBJECTIVE TRUTH?
Rather than aiming to find absolute truth, research should focus on rigor, reliability, and professionalism
It's about producing something "good enough" given time and resource constraints, not providing the final answer
Passion and commitment are essential but should be tempered with critical reflection to ensure transparency and openness in research practices