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The Respiratory System By: Daisy Hernandez Period: 5 - Coggle Diagram
The Respiratory System By: Daisy Hernandez Period: 5
MAJOR FUNCS OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
Supply body with O2 for cellular response.
Dispose of CO2 waste product
Olfactory and speech
UPPER RESPIRATORY STRUCT. & FUNCS
NOSE & NASAL CAVITY
NOSE FUNC: provide airway, moistens and warms air, filter and cleans air, serves chamber for speech, houses Olfactory receptors.
Nasal vestibule: lined with vibrissae that filters coarse particles, Cilited cells sweep contamined mucus.
NASAL CAV: divided by nasal septum
NASAL CONCHAE: muscosa-covered projections from each lateral wall, increase mucosal area, enhance air turbalance, conchae Func: filter, heat, and moist air
PARANASAL SINUSES
LOC: frontal, sphenoid, ethmoid, maxillary,
FUNC: lighten skull, secrete mucous, and help to warm n moisten.
PHARYNX
Funnel-shaped muscular tube, skull-vertebra C6
NASOPHARYNX: air passageway, soft palate and uvula NASOPHARYNX during swallowing, pharyngeal tonsils pos wall.
OROPHARYNX: passageway for foor and air from soft palate to epiglottis, palatine tonsils LOC: lateral walls of faucets, lingual tonsils LOC: posterior surface of tongue.
LARYNGOPHARYNX: passageway for food and air, posterior to upright epiglottis, extends to larynx
LOWER RES STRUCT & FUNCS:
LARYNX
FUNC: 1. Provides airway patent, 2. Routes air & food to channels, 3. Voice Prod. houses vocal folds
THROID CARTILAGE: shield, spine to laryngeal promineace (Adam's Apple)
CRICOID CARTILAGE: ring-shaped
EPIGLOTTIS: covers laryngeal during swallowing, covered in taste bus-muscosa
TRACHEA
MUCOSA: Cilited pseudo stratified epith. with gob cells
SUB MUCOSA: con. tis. w/ scromucosa glands, produce sheets to prevent cartilage.
ADVENTITIA: outermost layer made of con tis.
BRONCHI & BRACHES
CONDUCTING ZONE: each main bronchus enters hilum of one lung. branches to lobar BRONCHI, branches to segmental BRONCHI. Bronchioles: less than 1mm. Terminal bronchioles: smallest, less than 0mm
RESPIRTORY ZONE STRUCT: starts in terminal bronchioles and feeds to respiratory bronchioles to alveolar ducts, to alveolar sacs.
Alveolar sacs contain ALVEOLI, 300mm make up most lung volume.
LUNGS & ALVEOLI
DIAPHRAGM
LAYERS OF PLEURAE
PLEURAE: thin-double layered serosal membrane divides cavity to 2 pleasurable compartments and mediastinum
PARIETAL PLEURA: membrane on thoracic wall, superior face of diaphragm around heart and between lungs.
VISCERAL PLEURA: Membrane on external lung surface
PLEURAL FLUIDS: fills PLEURAL cavity between 2 PLEURAE and provides lubrication and surface tension that assets in expansion and recoil of lungs
COMPARE & CONTRAST THE MECHANISM OF INSPIRATION & EXPIRATION
INSPIRATION: gases flow into lungs
Involing inspiratory muscles,
ACT OF DIAPHRAGM: moves & flattens. ACT OF INTERCOSTAL MUSCLES: ribcage lifts up n out = increase in thoracic volume.
Lungs are stretched and pull out with thoracic cage it causes intrapulmonary pres. to drop (Ppul=Patm)
Pip lowers than Patm
EXPIRATION: gases exit lungs
Passive process, muscles relax, thoracic cage vol decreases & lungs recoil.
Vol decreases = intrapulmonary pres (Ppul) increase. Ppul>Patm, air out of lungs down gradient, (Ppul=Patm).
VOL & PRES. RELATIONSHIPS IN THORACIC CAVITY
Process that depends on volume changes in thoracic cavity.
-Vol changes to pres change
-Pres changes to flow of gases to equalize pres.
-Boyle's Law: pres n vol of gas.
RESPIRATORY VOL & CAPACITIES
VOLUMES
TIDAL VOL (TV) : amount of air in lungs with each breath, -avera:arnd 500ml
INSPIRARORY RESERVE VOL (IRV): amount of air forcibly beyond TIDAL vol (2100-3200ml)
EXPIRATORY RESERVE VOL (ERV): amount of air expelled from lungs (1000-1200mL)
RESIDUAL VOL (RV): amount of air thats always in lungs (need for ALVEOLI open)
CAPACITIES
INSPIRATORY CAP (IC): sum of TV+IRV
FUNC> RESIDUAL CAP (FRC): sum of RV+ ERV
VITAL CAP (VC): sum of TV+ IRV+ ERV
TOTAL LUNG CAP (TLC): sum of all (TV+IRV+ERV+RV)
IN & EXTERNAL RESPIRATION
EXTERNAL
E.R. (pul. gas exchange): O2 &CO2 across res. membranes PARTIAL PRES gradients & gas solubilities. For O2 exists between blood n lungs
INTERNAL
involves capillary gas exchange in body tissue.
DISORDERS
LARYNGITIS: Inflammation of vocal folds that causes vocal folds to swell=vibrate.
Causes people to whisper.
TONSILLITIS: Infected & swollen tonsils that can block air passages in nasopharynx, necessary to breath thru mouth.
-air is not properly moisten, warm, or filtered before reaching lungs. When its enlarged, speech & sleep suck!.
PLEURISY: Inflammation of pleurae, results in pneumonia. -stabbing apin w/ breathing.
-extra fluid which may exert pressure on lungs.
Fluids may accumulate:blood leaked from damaged vessels & filtrate that's watery fluid that oozes from lungs capillaries when left sided heart failure occurs.
ATELECTASIS: Lung collapse due to: plugged broncioles=collapse ALVEOLI
-pheumothorax, air in PLEURAL cavity
COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder.
TUBERCULOSIS: Bacterial infection in res. system by myocobact. tuberculosis.
PNEUMONIA: bacterial or viral infection of lungs
LUNG CANCER: uncontrolled cell growth & development of tumours in lungs
SEASONAL FLU: viral infection, changes.
CARINA: lost tracheal cart. where TRACHEA branches 2 main bronchi
SMOKING: destroys cilia=coughing to prevent mucous accumulating in lungs
HEIMLICH MANEUVER: produce in air lungs to "pop out" piece of food and may crack ribs.