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Multiple Memory Systems - Coggle Diagram
Multiple Memory Systems
Declarative Memory (Explicit Memory)
Types of Declarative Memory
Episodic Memory
Personal experiences and specific events
Example: Going for ice cream after falling off a bike
Semantic Memory
General knowledge about the world
Example: 9/11 events, PEMDAS in math class
Biological Underpinnings
Hippocampus
Formation and retrieval of declarative memories
Medial Temporal Lobes
Encoding new information and consolidating it into long-term memory
Procedural Memory (Implicit Memory)
Characteristics
Unconscious recall of skills and tasks
Example: Riding a bike, playing a musical instrument, typing on a keyboard
Biological Underpinnings
Basal Ganglia
Motor control and learning of habits
Cerebellum
Coordinating movements and fine-tuning motor skills
Memory and Amnesia
Types of Amnesia
Anterograde Amnesia
Inability to form new memories after onset
Associated with damage to hippocampus and medial temporal lobe structures
Retrograde Amnesia
Loss of pre-existing memories prior to onset
Associated with damage to temporal and frontal lobes
Transient Global Amnesia
Temporary episode of memory loss (both anterograde and retrograde)
Possible transient disruptions in blood flow to the brain
Social Learning and Behavior Transmission
Striking Elements of Social Learning
Observation and Imitation
Learning behaviors by observing and imitating others
Example: Children learning language and social norms, imitating Michael Jackson
Cultural Transmission
Transmission of cultural knowledge across generations
Example: Traditional crafts, rituals, customs
Reinforcement
Social rewards and punishments shaping behavior
Example: Praise for polite behavior, disapproval for negative behavior
Primate Origins of Human Behavior
Biological Basis of Incest Taboo
Avoiding Inbreeding
Mechanisms to prevent close relatives from mating
Example: Leaving natal group upon reaching sexual maturity
Natural Aversion
Evolved trait to enhance genetic diversity and offspring viability
Genetic Risks
Increased risk of genetic disorders and reduced fitness in offspring
Cultural Practice
Incest taboo prohibiting sexual relationships between close relatives