Please enable JavaScript.

Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.

Microbio Ch. 2, 3, & 6 - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Acidic
        
        (-), repelled by (-) cell wall
        
        Only background stained
      - Basic
        
        (+), attracted to (-) cell wall
        
        Methylene blue, Crystal violet, Safranin
    - - 2+ dyes, most common, distinguishes structures
      - Gram stain
        
        (+) = thick peptidoglycan (purple, blue)
        
        (-) = thin peptidoglycan (red)
      - Acid fast
        
        Mycolic acid
        
        M. tuberculosis, M. leprae
      - Endospore
        
        Bacillus, Clostridium
  - - - Dissecting
      - Compound
        
        multiple lenses
        
        Ocular + objective
        
        10x, 20x, 40x, 100x
    - - Transmission
      - Scanning
- - - - Nucleoid region
      - One chromosome
      - Peptidoglycan cell walls
      - Binary fission
      - No membrane bound organelles
      - Bacteria & Archaea
    - - Membrane-bound nucleus
      - Membrane-bound nucleus
      - Membrane-enclosed organelles
      - mitosis or meiosis
      - Animals, Plants, Fungi
  - - - Barrier to antibiotics
      - Lipopolysaccharide
      - Lipid A: endotoxin (fever, shock)
      - O antigen: ID species (E. Coli)
    - - Phospholipid bilayer + proteins
      - Integral proteins: Embedded
      - Peripheral proteins: Surface
      - Selective barrier
  - - - Diffusion
        
        High to low concentration
        
        No transport protein
      - Facilitated diffusion
        
        Down concentration gradient via transport proteins
      - Osmosis
        
        Low to high conentration
        
        Tonicity
        
        Hypertonic: Water leaves the cell, shrinkage
        
        Isotonic: No movement of water
        
        Hypotonic: Water enters the cell, swelling
    - - Low to high concentration
      - Group translocation (prokaryotes)
      - Primary (ATP provides energy)
      - Secondary (electrochemical gradient provides energy)
      - Bulk transport
        
        Endocytosis: Phagocytosis, Pinocytosis, Receptor-mediated
        
        Exocytosis: Vesicle fusion for export
    - - Concentration gradient
      - Molecule size
      - Temperture
      - Temp
      - Solubility
      - Distance
      - Pressure
  - - - Plasmids: extrachromosomal DNA
  - - - Capsule: Prevents dehydration & phagocytosis
      - EPS (Extracellular Polysaccharide): Biofilm formation
    - - Filament, hook, basal body
      - Chemotaxis (Movement toward/away from chemicals
      - Phototaxis (Movement toward/away from light)
- - - - ssDNA: Parvoviridae
      - dsDNA: Herpesviridae
      - +ssRNA: Picornaviridae
      - -ssRNA: Filoviridae (Ebola)
      - dsRNA: *Reoviridae
    - - Derived from host membrane
      - Viral proteins
    - - Attachment to host cells
      - ID viruses
  - - - Icosahedral structure
      - Ex: Poliovirus, Adenovirus
    - - Rod-like
      - Ex: Ebola, Rabies
    - - Icosahedral with lipid envelope
      - Ex: Herpesvirus
    - - Mulit-component
      - Ex: T-bacteriphage
  - - - Hemagglutinin: Attachment
      - Neuraminidase: Release
    - - Shift: Major genetic recombination
      - Drift: Minor annual mutations (pandemics)
    - - A - Regular outbreaks
      - B - Sporadic outbreaks
      - C - Mild infections