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Nationalism - The United Irishmen - Coggle Diagram
Nationalism - The United Irishmen
origins
established in 1792
focused on political reform
universal suffrage (all men had the vote)
repeal of all Penal Laws
leader was protestant lawyer Theobald Wolfe Tone
The Impact of the French Revolution
led to creation of new National Assembly in Paris
Execution of monarch King Louis XVI and creation of French Republic
Inspired by writers like Thomas Pavre
1793 Britain declared war on revolutionary France until 1815 after Napoleon defeat
men had rights
1790s British government tried to surpress radical movements like the United Irishmen
United Irishmen operated illegally working with the French government and wanted independent Ireland
Started to gain support from Catholic 'defenders'
failed uprising 1796
no land attempt due to storm
British government passed act in response placing Ireland under military rule
Naval force in Bantry Bay in Cork with Wolfe Tone on board
The 1798 uprising
Mainly in Antrim, Ulster and Wexford
lasted 6 weeks
Wexford fighting was more severe with Catholic peasants mainly
over 100 protestants were burnt to death in a barn in Scullabogue
large government force led by General Lake defeated rebels at Vinegar Hill in Wexford in June 1798
involved 100,000s of people and 30,000 killed
August 1798 rebellion with French invaded county Mayo with 1000 men
Wolfe Tone went to France to raise support but got captured by British and committed suicide in prison at 35
Why did the 1798 uprising fail?
British government banned the United `irishmen in 1793 and implemented military rule
Lord Edward Fitzgerald was arrested March 1798 which weakened forces and disrupted plans
Britain has superior military seen at the Battle of Vinegar Hill where rebls are poorly equipped in comparison
French initially planned to support (Bantry Bay) but then rebellion began o decline (did a little in county Mayo)
fighting in certain counties so lacked unification in whole country
Effect of 1798 uprising (Act of Union)
Pitt hoped the Act would cause peace but this wasn't the case
would abolish remaining Penal Laws causing instability
delayed implementing promised catholic emancipation causing discontent
tensions in Ireland (religion) couldn't be handled by Grattan's Parliament
dissolved independent Irish Parliament And Irish MPs now sat in Westminster