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The Land War - The response of the British government to the Land War -…
The Land War - The response of the British government to the Land War
The compensation for Disturbance Bill 1880
introduced by William Edward Forster in June 1880
deal with the deeper agitation from the Land League
Empowered courts to compensate tenants for evicition even if it was for nonpayment of rent
defeated in the House of Lords
only applied to the south of Ireland for 18 months
William Edward Forster ad the Coercion Act 1881
restore law and order
increased power of the authorities
suppress agrarian with arrests
Parnell and Davitt arrested under the act
suspension of rebel corpus and deployment of extra forces (953 people detained)
Bessborough Commission 1880-81
Royal commission under Lord Bessborough set up June 1880
enquired workings of 1870 Act
Jan 1881 proposed introduction of the 3F's
The Land Act August 1881
Introduced 3F's
Land Commission established land courts which would set fair rent for 15 years
included provisions to facilitate land purchase by increasing Bright clause from 2/3 to 3/4 (only few 100 holdings brought under the act)
established principle of co-ownership meaning landlords were more open to land purchases
criticised as tenants were denied recourse to the courts which set rents
led to Parnell's arrest in the Kilmainham Jail in October 1881 for 'sabotaging the Land Act'
Parnell reacted by withdrawing his approval until the willingness of court setting fair rents was tested
No 'Rent Manifesto'
Parnell's response to his arrest
called for a national tenant farmer rent strike
met with a tepid response
'The Kilmainham Treaty' April 1882
agreement between Gladstone and Parnell
Parnell was satisfied with progress made in Land War and main focus was Home Rule so he switched his campaign to Home Rule
Gladstone was upset 1881 Land Act hadn't ended Land War and had led to more violence so he wanted a peaceful solution
compromise between Parnell and Gladstone if Parnell pacified the Land League to end violence, the Land league leaders could be released (tenants would be subject to Arrears Act May 1882)
Angered Chief secretary of Ireland William Edward Forster and he resigned
The Phoenix Park murders
killed wrong man meant to kill Forster
done by members of radical Irish nationalists
agreement between Parnell and Gladstone still held
shocked Irish and British
6th May 1882 Chief Secretary of Ireland Lord Fredrick Cavendish and Thomas Henry Burke killed in Dublin
led to heightened tensions between Ireland and England and increased repression towards nationalist groups
Split in the Land League
between better off tenants who were satisfied with the Act
and also between poorer tenants who didn't come under the terms of the Act
Parnell could not keep the movement going when in jail leading to a leader vacuum
the leader of the Catholic church condemned the no rent manifesto (hated the IRB and hated the anti-sectarianism advocated by the fenians)
Radical sided with Parnells sister Anna who's ladies land league led to more violence
Davitt began to look at collective owned land in Ireland to benefit the entire community (nationalisation of land)