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Chronic Heptaitis Pathophysiology - Coggle Diagram
Chronic Heptaitis Pathophysiology
Causes
Viral infections: Chronic hepatitis B, C and D
Autoimmune Hepatitis: immune attack on liver cells.
Metabolic Disorders: Wilson’s disease, Hemochromatosis
Drug-induced: longer term use of hepatoxic drugs
Pathogenesis
Persistent Hepatocyte Injury
Chronic viral replication (hep B and C)
Autoimmune attack on liver cells
Inflammation and Immune response
T-cell mediated liver damage.
Chronic inflammation -> Cytokines release
Fibrosis Development
Activation of Hepatic Stellate cells - Collagen deposition.
Leads to scarring and liver stiffness.
Clinical Features
Early stages (asymptomatic or mild symptoms)
Fatigue, mild jaundice, RUQ discomfort.
Progressive liver damage
Hematomegaly
Jaundice
dark urine
Signs of advanced disease
Ascites
hepatic encephalopathy
Coagulopathy
Complications
Cirrhosis
irreversible scarring, leading to dysfunction
Portal Hypertension
Esophageal varices → risk of GI bleeding
Splenomegaly (enlarged spleen)
Hepatocellular Carcinoma
increased risk due to chronic inflammation and fibrosis.
Liver failure
need liver transplant