Please enable JavaScript.

Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.

DAT - Coggle Diagram

- - - - stomach
        
        target
        
        stomach
        
        secretion of gastric juices
        
        enzymes
        
        pepsin
        
        1 more item...
  - - - target
        
        pancreas
        
        secretion of pancreatic juices (alkaline/ zinc rich)
        
        p.amylase
        
        digestion of CHO/lipids/PRO
        
        p.lipase
        
        starts lipid digestion
        
        TG
        
        1 more item...
        
        PL
        
        1 more item...
        
        trypsin
        
        continues PRO digestion started in stomach
  - - - gall bladder
        
        secretion of bile into lumen of duodenum
        
        no enzymes
        
        emulsification of dietary fat in lumen
        
        bile salts, pigments, lecthin, cholestrol, water
      - pancreas
        
        secretion of pancreatic juices
        
        p.amylase
        
        p.lipase
        
        digestion of CHO/lipids/PRO
        
        trypsin
  - - - stomach
        
        slows gastric motility
        
        slow release of stomach content into small intestine
  - - - tryglyceride
      - phospholipid
    - - peptides
    - - starch
  - - - warming up to body temp.
    - - salivary juices
        
        digestive enzymes
        
        salivary amylase
        
        R-factor
        
        vitamin B-12 absorption
        
        water
        
        function
        
        moistens, lubricates food
        
        stimulates taste buds
        
        start CHO digestion
        
        action of salivary amylase
        
        slows development of dental carries
        
        contains lysosomes
        
        kill bacteria entering mouth
      - food swallowed
        
        bolus
        
        epiglottis
        
        esophagus
        
        gravity
        
        cardiac/ lower esophageal sphincter
        
        4 more items...
        
        lubrication
        
        peristalsis
        
        muscles contract
        
        squeezing inside
        
        diaphragm contract
        
        squeezing outside
    - - bigger
        
        smaller pices
      - increase surface area, efficent for digestion
  - - - Parietal cells
        
        secrete
        
        hydrochloric acid
        
        intrinsic factor (IF)
      - Chief cells
        
        secrete
        
        pepsinogen
        
        pepsin
        
        proteolytic enzyme
      - G cells
        
        secrete
        
        gastrin
        
        from pyloric region
      - Mucous-secreting cells
        
        secrete
        
        alkaline mucus
        
        protects stomach wall
        
        against shear stress
        
        acid damage
    - - destroys
        
        bacteria
        
        hormones
      - increases solubility of minerals
        
        Ca, Iron
      - small protein digestion
        
        pepsin
      - secretion of Intrinsic factor
        
        vitamin B-12 absorption
      - denatures proteins
        
        changes 3D shape
        
        salivary amylase
        
        no CHO digestion in stomach
      - stimulates mucous-secreting cells
        
        thick mucus
        
        protects stomach walls against acid erosion
    - - pH drops to ~1.5
        
        gastric juices turned off
        
        protective mechanism against acid damage
    - - produce chyme
        
        particles of food suspended in liquid
        
        no longer resembles food
        
        empties into small intestine from stomach
        
        through pyloric sphincter
  - - - allows digestive enzymes to function
      - protective
        
        less mucus coating than stomach
    - - ~5ml acidic chyme every 20 sec
        
        protects against acidic erosion
      - alkaline pancreatic juices
        
        neutrilize acidic chyme
      - pH rises
        
        pyloric spincter relaxes
        
        more acidic chyme enters duodenum
    - - ileum
        
        "reserve capacity" for digestion and absorption
        
        terminal ileum
        
        only site for vitamin B-12 absorption
        
        bile resorption/ recycling
      - duodenum/jejunum
        
        ~90% nutrients digested/ absorbed
        
        bile
        
        lumen
        
        emulsify dietary fat
        
        pancreatic juices
        
        enter lumen
        
        digest chyme
        
        goblet cells
        
        found in villi
        
        produce mucus
        
        crypt glands
        
        between villi
        
        secrete intestinal juices into lumen which contains
        
        water
        
        intestinal digestive enzymes
        
        PRO in chyme
        
        1 more item...
        
        FAT in chyme
        
        2 more items...
        
        CHO in chyme
        
        1 more item...
    - - establish optimal rate of movement of chyme through GI tract to
        
        prevent acid damage to small intestine
        
        maximize contact w/ digestive enzyme
        
        optimize absorption of nutrients
  - - - ileocecal sphincter
- - - - ~1L capacity
      - pH~1.7-1.5
    - - ~2.5cm in diameter, 300cm in length
    - - muscles in mouth increases the surface area of food
    - - ~4cm diameter, 150cm in length
  - - - stores bile
        
        secretes bile into small intestine
    - - secretes pancreatic juice into small intestine
    - - produces bile
        
        pigments
        
        lecithin
        
        bile salts
        
        cholesterol
        
        water
  - - - strongest muscles of GI tract
      - 3 layers
        
        increases surface area
      - mixing, churning, stomach content, breaking large pieces into small
    - - cinching of muscles breaking up food in small intestine
        
        increase surface area
    - - longitudinal, wave-like muscular contractions propelling food along GI tract
    - - found at junction between major organs of GI tract
      - valves controlling movement of food
        
        prevent backflow
    - - breaks food apart
      - increases surface area of food
  - - - release water
      - anabolic, synthesis
    - - gain (reduction) or loose (oxidation) of e
        
        iron absorption
    - - need water
      - catabolic, breakdown
        
        sucrose digestion
- - - - fructose
        
        facilitated diffusion in and out
      - galactose
      - glucose
        
        active transport in and facilitated transport out
        
        bloodstream
        
        liver
  - - - LCFA
        
        diffuse in (micelle), diffuse out (chylomicron)
        
        lymph
        
        subclavin vein
        
        bloodstream
      - PL
      - MG
      - lyso-PL
      - cholesterol
      - FS vitamins
    - - MCFA
      - glycerol
      - SCFA
        
        diffuse in and out
        
        bloodstream
        
        liver
  - - - active transport in and out
        
        bloodstream
        
        liver