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NEPHROTIC SYNDROME - Coggle Diagram
NEPHROTIC SYNDROME
Definition
kidney disorder results from damage to the glomerular filtration barrier, which increases permeability to proteins, characterized by proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia, edema
Clinical presentation
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edema: periorbital, pedal, ascites, pleural effusion
Pathogenesis
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Hypoalbuminemia → Edema
Fluid shifts from the intravascular space to the interstitial space, causing generalized edema.
The kidney compensates by activating the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), leading to sodium and water retention, worsening edema.
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Increased Infection Risk
Loss of immunoglobulins (IgG, IgA, IgM) in urine weakens the immune response.
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Examination findings
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Reduced breath sounds, dullness on percussion (suggestive of pleural effusion)
Prevention
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lifestyle: avoid smoking, alcohol, high salt diet
Risk factors
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lifestyle: smoking, alcohol, high sodium diet
sex (males: FSGS, MCD, females: Lupus Nephritis)
age (children: MCD, adults: Membranous Nephropathy, FSGS)