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cell - Coggle Diagram
cell
cell membrane
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phospholipids
glycerol backbone
A glycerol backbone is made up of a three-carbon molecule with three hydroxyl (OH) groups attached to each carbon, essentially acting as the structural foundation for various lipids like triglycerides and phospholipids; the "backbone" refers to its central role in holding the fatty acid chains together in a lipid molecule.
phosphate group
composed of one phosphorus atom bonded to four oxygen atoms, represented chemically as "PO4". This group is crucial for building important biological molecules like DNA, RNA, and ATP, where it acts as a key structural component and plays a vital role in energy transfer within the cell.
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polar head group
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the polar head group of a phospholipid molecule, which is the primary component of the cell membrane, acts as the water-loving part that faces the aqueous environment both inside and outside the cell, allowing it to interact with water while the hydrophobic tails are buried within the membrane's interior, forming a barrier that controls what can pass through the cell membrane.
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It regulates the movement of substances in and out of the cell, maintaining homeostasis
cytoplasm
It houses the organelles and is the site for many biochemical reactions, such as metabolism.
organelles
mitochondria Often called the "powerhouse" of the cell, responsible for energy production.
Mitochondrial DNA:
A small circular DNA molecule that codes for some of the proteins needed for mitochondrial function.
Enzymes:
Various enzymes involved in the citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle), which generates ATP.
Inner mitochondrial membrane:
Highly folded membrane containing the electron transport chain, critical for ATP production.
Outer mitochondrial membrane:
A more permeable membrane that separates the mitochondrion from the rest of the cell.
ribosomes Small structures where protein synthesis occurs, can be free in the cytoplasm or attached to the ER.
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In prokaryotic cells, ribosomes are about 40% protein and 60% rRNA
In eukaryotic cells, ribosomes are about half protein and half rRNA
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Ribosomes are made up of two subunits, a large subunit and a small subunit
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cytosal
The watery gel-like substance that makes up the majority of the cytoplasm, containing dissolved ions, small molecules, and proteins.
cytoskeleton
A network of protein fibers (actin filaments, microtubules, and intermediate filaments) that provides structural support and helps with movement within the cell.
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