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Biology Paper 2 Blurting - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Important because maintains optimal conditions for enzyme activity and cell function.
      - Negative Feedback is ...
      - AUTOMATIC CONTROL SYSTEMS: Receptor => Coordination Center => Effector
      - The regulation of internal conditions to maintain a stable, internal environment, in response to internal and external changes.
    - - Neurones carry electrical impulses
      - Neurones adapted via myelin sheath, long axon, and dendrites.
      - Stimulus, Receptor, Sensory Neurone, CNS, Motor Neurone, Effector, Response.
      - Chemicals diffuse across synapses to continue the electrical impulse.
      - Reflex Arc protects organism from harm, as it is quick and rapid, as it does not involve the conscious part of the brain, but rather, the Spinal Chord (with relay neurones inside spinal chord).
    - - Adrenaline is produced by the Adrenal Gland, is NOT controlled by Negative Feedback, and prepares body for "fight or flight" response.
      - Thyroxine is produced by the thyroid gland, and it is controlled by Negative Feedback. It stimulates the metabolic rate.
      - Glucoregulation
        
        Insulin produced by pancreas if blood-glucose concentration too high.
        
        Insulin causes cells to take in more glucose, and causes excess glucose to be converted into glycogen, stored in liver/muscle cells.
        
        If blood-glucose too low, pancreas produces glucagon.
        
        Glucagon converts glycogen back into glucose, increasing the blood glucose concentration.
      - Diabetes
        
        Type 1
        
        When pancreas doesn't produce enough insulin.
        
        Treated with insulin injections.
        
        Type 2
        
        When cells desensitised to insulin. Obesity is a risk factor.
        
        Treated with diet regime and exercise.