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Carbohydrates - Coggle Diagram

- - - - raffinose - 3 monosaccharides (oli)*
      - stachyose - 4 monosaccharides (oli)*
      - inulin and oligofrucotes - (oli)
      - starch - (poly)
      - glycogen - (poly)
      - fiber
        
        Dietary fibers - nondigestible
        
        soluble fiber - dissolve in water. fermented by bacteria in intestins
        
        insoluble fiber - dont dissolve in water
        
        Digestion in small intestine
        
        maltase - enzyme that splits maltose to 2 glucose
        
        sucrase - splits sucrose to glucose and fructose
        
        pancreatic amylase - breaks starch into maltose
        
        lactse - splits lactose to glucose and galactose
        
        resistant starches - resist digestion in GI tract
        
        insulin and glucagon
        
        insulin - hormone from beta cells of pancreas to decrease blood glucose.
        
        glucagon - a hormone from alpha cells of pancreas to increase blood glucose.
        
        blood glucose: ketosis - state which body uses fat for energy
        
        ketoacidosis - ketone bodies accumulate in the blood, bad
        
        diabetes mellitus - abnormal glucose levels. (hyperglycemia high blood glucose)
        
        type 1 diabetes - destruction of beta cells thus need insulin
        
        type 2 diabetes - hormones target cells are insulin resistant thus high blood glucose (hyperinsulinemia)
        
        metabolic syndrome - risk of type 2 diabetes and CVD
        
        Gestational diabetes - during pregancacy
        
        HbA1c - blood test
        
        hypoglycemia - blood glucose level too low. epinephrine - hormone from adrenal gland in response to low blood glucose
        
        GI - tool to measure insulin response to carbs. GL + total carbs of serving size
        
        Lactose intolerance - cant digest lactose properly because of deficiency in lactase.