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Sherif et al. (1954) - Coggle Diagram
Sherif et al. (1954)
Evaluation
Generalisability
not a large sample, 22, so anomalies can skew the data heavily
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Procedure
- The boys arrived on separate buses and were unaware of the other group and were observed for 12 hours a day by senior counsellors.
- Ingroup formation started where the groups learned of the others existence and they completed tasks and gave themselves group names.
- The friction phase then started by them playing sport against each other and creating a tournament. A trophy was awarded to the winners along with knives and medals and the loser got nothing.
- The integration phase was the groups having ‘mere contact’ with each other like having dinner and watching films together. When this failed, he tried superordinate goals to have the groups work together.
Results
Sherif found that the boys required little encouragement to be competitive and resorted to ‘us and them’ language.
In the friction stage, there was name calling, the Eagles burnt the Rattlers flag, which resorted to the Rattlers raiding the Eagles and vice versa.
The two sides met for a fight, but the camp counsellors intervened and this phase ended
In the integration phase, the superordinate goals helped to reduce the hostility.
Aim
To find out what factors make two groups hostile relationships and then see how this hostility can be reduced.
Specifically, to see if two groups of boys can be manipulated into conflict though competition.
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DV
The intergroup behaviour was measured by observing the boys behaviour and friendship patterns and tape recording their conversations.
Sample
24 participants all 11 year old boys who were selected by an opportunity sample. They were split into two evenly matched groups, one group called the ‘Rattlers’ and the other called the ‘Eagles’.
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