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Electricity - Coggle Diagram
Electricity
1.1 Materials can become electrically charged
Electric charge is a property of matter
Electric charge is a property that allows an object to exert an electric force on another object without touching it
The space around a particle through which an electric charge can exert this force is called an electric field.
strength of field is greater near the particle and weaker further away
Static charges are caused by the movement of electrons
Static charge is the build of electric charge via contact
Charging by contact
When 2 uncharged objects made of certain materials touch each other electrons can move from one to the other
How materials affect static charging
charging by contact occurs when one material's electrons are attracted to another material more than they are attracted to their own
charging by contact --> skin, glass, hair, nylon, wool, fur, silk, paper, rubber, polyester. Materials higher on the list tend to give up electrons to materials lower on the list
Charging by induction -- build up of a charge without direct contact is called induction
If the electrons cannot return to their original distribution then induction can leave objects stably charged
charge polarization
when electrons within the atom shift to the side they go away from the negative charge
Technology uses static electricity
useful in technology
1.2 Charges can move from one place to another
Static charges have potential energy
electric potential energy
static charges have potential energy. static charges can move. when charges move they transfer energy that can be used to work
Electric potential
electric potential is the amount of electric potential energy per unit charge at a certain position in an electric field
measured in volts
charges will not move between 2 positions with the same electric potential
charge movement
potential energy is used to move charge
lightning
Materials affect charge movement
Conductors and Insulators
A material that allows an electric charge to pass through it easily is called a conductor
A material that does not easily allow a charge to pass through it is called an insulator
Resistance
Materials resist the movement of a charge in different amounts
Electrical resistance is the property of a material that determines how easily a charge can move through it
measured in ohms
Good conductors have low resistance and good insulators have high resistance
Superconductors
Have to be kept extremely cold
Grounding
provides a harmless, low resistance path for electricity to follow
1.3 Electric current is a flow of charge
Electric charge can flow continuously
An electric current is a flow of charge
Current, Voltage, and Resistance
Ampere is the flow rate of electric charge
Ohm's Law
Current = Voltage / Resistance or I = V / R
Measuring Electricity
Measure using a ammeter or multimeter
Electric cells supply electric current
An electric cell produces electric current using chemical or physical properties
Electrochemical cells are cells that produce current by means of chemical reactions
A primary cell is a cell that produces electricity
Storage cells store electricity
Solar Cells are cells that absorb energy from the sun