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Guided Concept Map #5 - Coggle Diagram
Guided Concept Map #5
Psychosocial
Sudies on the potential role for epigenetics in historical trauma, boarding school experiences, and ACEs are needed to provide a better understanding into the scientific basis for the linkage between psychosocial influences and AI health disparities
ACEs: Adverse childhood experiences
Numerous psychosocial influences, including a history of genocide and boarding school experiences, have led to unresolved historical trauma and its associated poor health outcomes
Adverse adulthood experiences, including high rates of substance abuse, poverty, racism, and other forms of strife, can have a role in diminished parenting skills and can have a negative impact on subsequent generations
Indigenous Health
deaths due to unintentional injuries (motor vehicle accidents), intentional injuries (homicide and suicide), and infant mortality have plagued many tribes and have a disproportionate impact on younger age groups
In the State of South Dakota the median age at death for AIs is 58 years as compared to 81 years for the White population
The ACEs study showed a dose–response relationship between ACEs and poor health outcomes, including heart disease, diabetes, cancer, depression, substance abuse, suicide attempts, obesity, tobacco use, and other high-risk health behaviors
AIs have lived in poverty at a much higher rate than other populations for many years
Both poverty and poor educational attainment are correlated to poor health status. In addition to having among the highest poverty rates, AIs also suffer from among the lowest educational attainment in the nation
Historical trauma:
Since Europeans reached the New World and unleashed a series of contagions among the indigenous population, AIs have experienced unremitting trauma and post-traumatic effects
This collective trauma has also been characterized by scholars as the soul wound
Colonialism
Upon contact with Europeans in the late 15th century, population estimates of indigenous peoples living in North America are between 9 and 12 million people, but by the late 19th century, the AI population in the US had reduced to less than 200,000
much of this decline in population was due to warfare, genocide, and infectious disease
By the late 19th century, most tribal nations had been severely affected by smallpox, turberculosis, trachoma, measles, and diphtheria
The US boarding school era (1880–1930): during which large numbers of Native children were taken from their homes on reservations and sent to boarding schools
Rations, annuities, and other goods were withheld from parents and guardians who refused to send children to school