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Smokestack Emissions, Creates drag which can decrease wind speeds, thus…
Smokestack Emissions
End Fate of Pollutants
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Long-Range Transport
Over time, pollutants can travel hundreds of kilometers, from one continent to another. Often this is achieved once pollutants find their way into the upper troposphere. In order to do this, pollutants must pass through the Planetary Boundary Line (PBL), which is a relatively stable layer of atmosphere.
Deposition Pathways
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Wet Deposition
Pollutants return to the surface in an aqueous form, that is, they are absorbed by a water source.
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Creates drag which can decrease wind speeds, thus increasing the concentration of pollutants in an area.
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Wind provides a greater volume of air through which pollutants can be dispersed. Therefore, greater wind speed results in lower pollutant concentrations.
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Turbulence can force smokestack emissions towards the ground in the process of "Downwash", which increases the concentration right on the surface. The gradient of vertical temperature change is known as a lapse rate, and can be used to determine the stability of the atmosphere, and thus how easily pollutants will disperse. Inversions are layers of atmosphere with a different temperature that trap pollutants beneath them.
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