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ENERGY - Coggle Diagram
ENERGY
RENEWABLE
WIND POWER
- HISTORY : Ancient marineres used it to sail the seas. Farmers used windmills to grind grains and pump water. today windturbines are used to prduce electricity.
- HOW IT WORKS : Most energy comes from tall wind turbines that has blades as log as 60m/200ft. The wind spins the blades and produces energy trough a generator.
- HOW MUCH IT PRODUCES : a single big windtrubine can supply 600 homes, smalle one a single house or a buisness.
- COST : wind is green and free , and maintaining near 0, goverment offers 0 tax% on windturbines on massproduction
- PROBLEMS : they are noisy , ugly , kill birds, and if there is no wind there is no electricity.
- BOOM : this energy is growing and by 2050 it will be 1/3 of world's elecrticity.
- 100% emission free, using the wind (renewable)
- this technology is cheaper and accessable.
- horizontal are more common , but vertical are spreading aswell.
- a single horizontal turbine with diameter of 12-25ft could power a single house (spinning 12mp/h)
- installing depends of the lenght of the blades , the shortter one can be put on top of building or in backyards , meenwhile the bigger ones on a pole high 30-140 ft.
-residential about 80ft
SOLAR ENERGY
- solar energy harnes the sun's energy and make it usable for us
- the energy is gained by : solar pannels , photovoltaic cells , wich are on spacecrafts , rooftpos , and calculatores. their cells are made of semicunductor materials and when the sunlight hit the cell , it looses electrons , those lost electrons generates electricity.
- solar energy that are passive : big Windows (warm up the building at night by permetting the inside walls to absorb heat and releas it at night)
- is an infinite source of energy that iss clean and silent but works only in day bit can be stored in batteries
- expensive
- when it hits an object the energy transorms into heat.
- and some energy turn into a electrical current
- solar pannels capture energy coming from the sun using photovoltaic cells and converting photons into elecrticity.
- less electricity on a cloudy day
- old solar pannels used large cristals out of silicon that turned light into electricity but where too expensive and hard to get.
- now are used cheaper and more flexible cristals.
- a tiny portion of earths energy.
GEOTHERMAL ENERGY
- Comes from earth internal heat.
- used from 1000's of years for heat , and coocking .
- it can be found underneath the earth surfece in the magma (molten rocks)
- this type of energy can be use to warm up houses , and produce geothermal elecrticity with the hot water spinnign turbines linked to a generator.
- 1904 landarello Itlay ( first geothermal-electricity generetor)
-the now largest producers :Terme Euganee (NE ITALY) Ischia isles near naples powering nearby villages.
- it raplecs, coal, fossil fuels, gas, or oil.
- this type of energy is always avelable, but could be a releas of hydrogen wich has low level of toxic materials.
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HYDROPOWER
- Is generated using energy of moving water.
-used since greeks with water wheels to grind wheat into flour, from the 19th century to produce electricity.
- a hydro plant is divided into three parts: electric plant where the electricity is produced , dam that controls water flow/level, reservior where the water is stored.
- the water that spins the turbines , flows trough an intake and the spinning produces energy that is linked to a generator .
- provides 1/5 of global energy , is clean and renewable , the only price is to build a dam because after every thing is free. but menwhyle is constructed can damage the surrounding rivers or habitats , or animals.
VAJONT DAM
- this dam was build in 1959 near Pordenone
- in 1963 and laslide caused the overflow and the destruction of the dam causing hundres or even thousands of deaths destructing near villages .
- the ingeneers ignored the warning signs thinking that would be usless.and nowadays there are memorial signs and monuments to remember the fallen victims
TIDAL AND WAVE ENERGY
TIDAL
- is one of the oldest used since more than 1000 years ago for grain mills .
- today tidal energy generates electricity. and requires a tidal of a range of at leat 10ft.
- is a not polluting energy , powered by natural rise and fall of water .
- the elecrticity is produced trought tidal geenrators.
- the barrages and turbines are placed in high movment areas , and controls undearseas currents. they are designed to capture energy from ebbing and surning .
- could be a grat and large producer of energy in the future, and is completly green.
WAVE
- produces energy trough the power of waves in the surface of seas
- the WEC wave-energy-converter converts kinetic energy into electricity by capturing motion of the seas .
-is a completly green energy with no emissions , but their construction can have impact on the environment.
BIOMASS
- renewable, comes from organics matierls, plants , animals , had stored energy from the sun .
- plants trough photosyntesis, burnt materials produces chemicals and heat , or it can be traformed into biofuels/biogas.
BIOFUEL
- only biomass can produce biofuel, like ethanol,biodisel,used for veichles.
- ETHANOL : from fermenitng biomass in carbihydrates like corn, but not practical because it require to much of it and can cause an ambiental impact.
- BIODISEL : combining ethanol with animal fat or oils.
- BIOFUELS : not as strong as gasoline but mixed can reduce the use of gasoline wich reducec the amount of toxins .
HYDROGEN FUEL CELLS
- biomass contains hydrogen wich can be sctracted and use to power veichles.
- this type of fuel can work even in more remote places, and provides electricity and hot water (like in YOSEMITE) .
- today it powers : boats forklifts, buses, and some veichles.
- but we don't know if this technology would be sustainble becuause of the costs of the hydrogen transpportation.
NON-RENEWABLE
cheap, fast , pollutes more
- essential for development
- renewable , is created from nature (sun wind..) and is infinite and doesn't pollute
- non renewable energy generates the most energy in the world and it's cheaper (oil , gasses ) but has a bad impact on the world and human health with polluttion.