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Special Virology(RNA and DNA) - Coggle Diagram
Special Virology(RNA and DNA)
RNA Viruses
Picornaviridae
Structure: Small, icosahedral, non-enveloped, single-stranded RNA virus (RNA+).
Diseases: Poliomyelitis, hand-foot-mouth disease, common cold (rhinovirus).
Examples: Enteroviruses, Poliovirus, Rhinoviru
Characteristics
Poliovirus can persist in the gastrointestinal tract and is transmitted fecal-orally.
Resistant to organic solvents but sensitive to chlorine, UV, and drying.
Orthomyxoviridae
Example: Influenza virus
Structure: Enveloped, segmented negative-sense RNA virus with hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) proteins.
Diseases: Seasonal flu, pandemics.
Antigenic Drift & Shift
Drift: Small mutations in HA/NA → causes seasonal epidemics.
Shift: Large genetic reassortments → leads to pandemics (e.g., H1N1 2009).
Paramyxoviridae & Pneumoviridae
Structure: Enveloped, single-stranded RNA virus.
Diseases
RSV: Severe lower respiratory tract infections in infants.
Measles (Morbilli): Highly contagious, causes rash, pneumonia, encephalitis.
Parainfluenza: Respiratory infections, croup.
Mumps: Causes parotitis, meningitis.
Examples: Parainfluenza viruses, RSV, Measles, Mumps
Coronaviridae
Structure: Enveloped, single-stranded RNA virus with spike proteins.
Diseases: COVID-19, SARS, MERS.
Examples: SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19), Common cold coronaviruses
Transmission: Respiratory droplets, aerosols, contact.
Rash Viral Diseases
Examples: Measles, Rubella, Varicella-Zoster Virus (VZV), Parvovirus B19, HHV-6
Diseases
Rubella: Congenital rubella syndrome (CRS).
Measles (Morbilli): Koplik’s spots, high fever, rash.
Varicella-Zoster Virus (VZV): Chickenpox (Varicella), shingles (Zoster).
Parvovirus B19: "Fifth disease" (erythema infectiosum).
HHV-6: Roseola infantum
Arboviruses (Mosquito-borne viruses)
Transmission: Mosquito bites.
Diseases
West Nile Virus (WNV): Encephalitis, meningitis.
Dengue Virus: Hemorrhagic fever
Zika Virus: Birth defects (microcephaly).
Examples: West Nile virus, Dengue, Zika virus
Tick-borne Viruses
Transmission: Tick bites.
Diseases: Meningoencephalitis, neurological complications.
Example: Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV)
Viral Gastroenteritis Agents
Examples: Rotavirus, Adenovirus, Norovirus
Diseases
Rotavirus: Severe diarrhea in infants.
Norovirus: Acute gastroenteritis, foodborne outbreaks.
Herpesviridae
Structure: Enveloped, double-stranded DNA viruses.
Examples: HSV-1, HSV-2, Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV), Cytomegalovirus (CMV), Varicella-Zoster Virus (VZV), HHV-6, HHV-7, HHV-8
Diseases:
EBV: Infectious mononucleosis, Burkitt's lymphoma.
CMV: Congenital CMV infection.
HSV-2: Genital herpes.
HHV-8: Kaposi’s sarcoma.
HSV-1: Cold sores, encephalitis.
Adenoviridae
Structure: Non-enveloped, double-stranded DNA virus
Diseases: Respiratory infections, conjunctivitis, gastroenteritis.
Example: Human Adenoviruses
Papillomaviridae (HPV - Human Papillomavirus)
Structure: Non-enveloped, double-stranded circular DNA virus.
Diseases: Warts, cervical cancer.
Parvoviridae
Diseases: Smallpox, Monkeypox.
Structure: Large, enveloped, complex DNA virus.
Examples: Smallpox virus (Variola), Monkeypox virus
Hepatitis Viruses (A-E)
Structure: Partially double-stranded DNA (HBV) or RNA (HAV, HCV).
Examples: Hepatitis A, B, C, D, E viruses
Diseases
Hepatitis C (HCV): Chronic liver disease, cirrhosis.
Hepatitis D (HDV): Requires HBV co-infection
Hepatitis B (HBV): Chronic infection, liver cancer.
Hepatitis E (HEV): Fecal-oral, severe in pregnancy.
Hepatitis A (HAV): Fecal-oral, acute hepatitis