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Speech Language & Disorders - Coggle Diagram
Speech Language & Disorders
Definition
A speech disorder is a condition where an individual experiences difficulty producing or forming the speech sounds required for effective communication with others.
Common speech disorders
Articulation disorders
Phonological disorders
Disfluency
Voice disorders or resonance disorders
Refers to someone with :
Getting their meaning or message across to others (expressive language)
Understanding the message coming from others (receptive language)
Alternative name
Articulation deficiency
Articulation disorder
Phonological disorder
Voice disorders
Causes
Disfluencies are disorders in which a person repeats a sound, word, or phrase. It may be caused by:
Genetic abnormalities
Emotional stress
Any trauma to brain or infection
Articulation and phonological disorders may occur in other family members. Other causes include:
Problems or changes in the structure or shape of the muscles and bones used to make speech sounds. These changes may include cleft palate and tooth problems.
Damage to parts of the brain or the nerves (such as from cerebral palsy) that control how the muscles work together to create speech.
Hearing loss.
Voice disorders are caused by problems when air passes from the lungs, through the vocal cords, and then through the throat, nose, mouth, and lips. A voice disorder may be due to:
Acid from the stomach moving upward (GERD)
Cancer of the throat
Cleft palate or other problems with the palate
Symptoms
Disfluency
Making words longer (I am Boooobbby Jones.)
Tension in the voice or sounds
Frustration with attempts to communicate
Head jerking while talking
Articulation disorder
Certain sounds (like "r", "l", or "s") may be consistently distorted or changed (such as making the 's' sound with a whistle).
Errors may make it hard for people to understand the person
Phonological disorder
The last or first sound of words (most often consonants) may be left out or changed.
The child may have no problem pronouncing the same sound in other words (a child may say "boo" for "book" and "pi" for "pig", but may have no problem saying "key" or "go").
Voice disorders
Hoarseness or raspiness to the voice
Pitch of the voice may change suddenly
Voice may be too loud or too soft