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Structure of the Nervous System, nerves go from the spinal cord to limbs,…
Structure of the Nervous System
Central Nervous System
brain
centre of control & decision making
🧠
cranial nerves
run from
spinal cord
controls some reflexes
part of the reflex arc
channels sensory & motor info
acts as a communicative highway
contains interneurons for relaying information
processes & responds to sensory input from the PNS
Peripheral Nervous System
Autonomic Nervous System
Sympathetic
becomes active when organism is stressed or perceives danger
triggers physiological changes to help prepare body against threats
"fight, flight, freeze"
dilates pupils
increases heart rate
constricts arterioles
directs blood AWAY from stomach and to muscles
dilates bronchi
inhibits stomach & pancreas
stops digestion
stimulates intestines
relaxes bladder
effects same muscles/organs, but operates as opposites
nerve endings release the neurotransmitters
noradrenaline and adrenaline
Parasympathetic
operates when body is calm
maintains
homeostasis
maintains regular breathing, heart rate & digestion
constricts pupils
:eye:
constricts bronchi
🫁
contracts bladder
stimulates intestines
stimulates stomach & pancreas
nerve endings release the neurotransmitter
acetylcholine
nerves go from spinal cord to major organs
lungs
heart
stomach
intestines
bladder
sex organs
communicates with internal organs, glands and
smooth muscles
maintains homeostasis
can regulate the body to produce extra energy, and balance it when no longer needed
Somatic Nervous System
Sensory
involves sensor neurons
afferent
Motor
involves motor neurons
efferent
communicates information from
sense organs
to CNS
and from the CNS to
motor muscles
sensory input ➤ motor output
enables
voluntary
movement
sends info to the skeletal muscles
acts as a communication pathway within the body
nerves go from the spinal cord to limbs
deals largely with
involuntary
systems