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INTRODUCTION TO WASTE MANAGEMENT - Coggle Diagram
INTRODUCTION TO WASTE MANAGEMENT
Definition and Scope:
Food Waste= Edible and inedible food parts removed from the human food supply chain
End destinations:
Landfill
-incineration
-Composting
-Digestion
-Land application
Introduction To Waste from Food Industry
Food Loss Vs Food Waste Production:
-In low- income countries, loss occurs in early food supply chain stages
-In high-income countries, waste happens at the consumer level
Stages of Food Waste Production:
-Primary production: Pre-harvest & post- harvest losses
-Distribution: Spoilage during transportation, storage
-Consumption: Household and restaurant waste
Categories of Food Waste
:
-Food losses: From preparation, processing, and production
-Unavoidable food waste: Eg fruits peels, bones
-Avoidable food waste: Edible food discarded
Global Food Waste Statistics
:
-1.6 billions ton wasted annually (FAO)
-60% of food discarded at consumption stage
-30% of agricultural land used for uneaten food
Scope for Waste Management & Recovery
Definition: Control of generation, storage,
collection, transport, processing, and disposal
Waste Management Strategies:
-Optimizing manufacturing processes
-Reducing energy and water loss
-Valuing co-products
Malaysia's Waste Management System:
-Delegated to private consortiums
-80% landfill use ( target: reduce to 65% by 2025)
-European countries landfill only non-recyclable waste
Common Food Waste Treatment Method:
-Landfill: Most common but produces methane
-Anaerobic digestion: Low environmental impact
-Incineration: Causes acidification
-Composting:Natural breakdown of organic matter
-Heat-moisture reaction: Recycling potential
Transport and Fate Of Contaminants
Type of Contaminants:
-Dissolved constituents: Bicarbonates, calcium, sulfates, heavy metals
-Organic & atsmospheric gases: CO2,CH4,N20
Groundwater Contamination:
-Pollutants move via macro pores (roots, animal burrows, cracks)
-Affects groundwater chemistry through rock-water interaction
Contaminant Transport & Fate Processes:
-Physical processes: Movement via water flow
-Chemical & biological processes: Reactions altering contaminants
-Microbial degradation: Bacteria breaking down organic waste
Impact on Contaminant Movement:
-Flow system hydraulics
-Nature of the contaminant (solubility, vapor pressure)
-Natural degradation processes (sorption, dissolution, volatilization)
Effect on Food Waste on Humans & the Environment:
Human Impact:
-Landfill waste emits methane ( 34x more potent than CO2)
-Food waste reduces food security, leading to unhealthy diets
Environmental Impact:
-Climate change: Greenhouse gases contribute to global warming
-Water Contamination: Leachate frm waste pllutes groundwater
-Land Degradation: Deforestation & soil acidification for food production
-Resource Waste: 2.4 billion hectares of land used for waste food
The Food Recovery Hierarchy:
-Hierarchy Tiers ( most to least preferable)
-Source Reduction: Prevent waste before it happens
-Feed Hungry People: Redirect surplus food to food banks
-Feed Animals: Use waste for livestock feed
-Industrial Uses: Convert waste to bioenergy, bioplastics
-Composting: Organic breakdown for soil improvement
-Landfill/Incineration: Least desirable due to pollution
Food Waste Management Development Plan ( FWDMDP ICI) In Malaysia
Focus Area:
-Database on food waste management
-Regulations for food waste recycling
-Waste reduction at source
-Enhanced food waste treatement methods
-System establishment for proper food waste handling
-Methane recovery from landfills