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animal behaviour and plant responses - Coggle Diagram
animal behaviour and plant responses
adaptations
structural
behavioural
physiological
life history
ecological niche
fundamental niche vs realised niche
responding to the environment
effector - responds
receptor - detects
stimulus - the change that causes a response
migration
advantages
remain in favourable conditions
abundant food at migration destination means higher survival rate of offspring
increased genetic diversity due to genetic mixing
constant year-round supply of food
reduced predation, parasitism, disease
better breeding conditions, colonisation of new habitats
disadvantages
may get eaten by predators during the journey or when they congregate to new habitat
high investment in energy. may mean individual doesn't have sufficient reserves to successfully brred
too much energy expended means exhaustion
starvation from lack of food
may get lost or die during migration
adaptive advantages
increased reproductive success
avoiding predators
more 'light' for life processes (photosynthesise), more energy
avoiding dessication
klinokinesis and orthokinesis: more turning and moving fater increases area covered, increases chances of finding a more favourable environment of ...
crabs: protecting vulnerable organs at the back from predators. defensive organs facing outwards
waggle dance: maximum food supply with minimum effort or risk, without wasting time or energy searching for food
more likely to encounter breeding partner
biological rhythms
circatidal - 12.5 hours
semilunar - 15 days
circalunar 29.5 days
annual - 365.25
circadian - 24 horus
exogenous rhythms - controlled by external events
endogenous rhythms
biological clocks (most are partly)
zeitgeber - external environment cue
entrainment - resetting the internal clock
homing: returning to home territory, a good place to raise offspring so should be in the future.